1. Review of Electric Spring: A New Smart Grid Device for Efficient Demand Dispatch and Active and Reactive Power Control
Mehul Dansinh Solanki

2. Outline Introduction Operating Principle Generalized averaged model
Control Methodologies
Mitigation of Harmonics
Comparison of ES with FACTS
Conclusion

3. Introduction Major concerns of power system administrator:
Pollution free generation of electricity.
Increase penetration of generation through renewable sources (intermittent and unpredictable) viz. wind and solar causing stability issues.
Quality power for all.
Generation management.
Demand Side Management / Demand dispatch.

4. Basic Structure of Electric Spring

5. Modeling of ES

6. Control Methodologies
Active and Reactive Power Control and Voltage Regulation
Mitigation of Harmonics.
Power Factor Enhancement
Voltage Balancing and Neutral Current Mitigation
Frequency Control in Micro-grid
Considering Variations in Wind Speed
Considering Variations in Load
Reducing Generated Power through Loss of Generator.
Relocating ES at a Bus other then Generator Bus.

7. Mitigation of Harmonics

8. Comparison of FACTS and ES
Electric Spring
FACTS Controllers
Can handle active as well as reactive power .
Can handle reactive power only
Acting as integral part of load to form smart load, dispersed through out the distribution system and hence cheaper.
Single point compensation having high rating hence cost
It is a current controlled voltage source with input side control
It is a voltage controlled voltage source with output control

9. Conclusion Ist generation ES can handle reactive power only.
IInd and IIIrd generation ES can handle active as well as reactive power.
Through ES, Non critical load is allowed to modulate with the generation pattern of intermittent renewable source and together this combination is maintaining the voltage across the critical load and that’s how it is forming the smart load.
Adaptive smart load leads to adaptive building in terms of energy usage.
Detailed analysis of ES, on the strong foundation of mathematical modeling along with its utilization towards voltage regulation, active and reactive power management, power factor correction, power quality enhancement through mitigation of harmonics and frequency control, has been evaluated.
Dispersed ES’s can provide a strong and cost effective mechanism for distributed voltage control that emerged as a novel way of DSM on the real time bases, without being dependent on ICT.

10. References
[1]
“Meeting the energy challenge: A white paper on energy,” May 2007 [Online].Available:
[2]
“Vision 2020: Sustainability of India's Material Resources,” [Online].Available:
[3]
“On investing in the development of low carbon technologies (SETplan) a technology roadmap,” Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, 2009.
[4]
M. J. Hossain, Hemanshu R. Pota, Md. Apel Mahmud, and Rodrigo A. Ramos, “Investigation of the Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Power Penetration on the Angle and Voltage Stability of Power Systems,” IEEE Systems journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp , March 2012.
[5]
A. M. Azmy and I. Erlich, “Impact of distributed generation on the stability of electrical power system,” in Proc IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meeting, vol. 2. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1056–1063.
[6]
A. Brooks, E. Lu, D. Reicher, C. Spirakis, and B. Weihl, “Demand dispatch,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 8 , no. 3 , pp. 20–29, 2010.
[7]
P. Varaiya, F. Wu, and J. Bialek, “Smart operation of smart grid: Risk limiting dispatch,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 40–57, 2011.
[8]
I. Koutsopoulos and L. Tassiulas, “Challenges in demand load control for the smart grid,” IEEE Netw., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 16–21, 2011.
[9]
P. Palensky and D. Dietrich, “Demand side management: Demand response, intelligent energy systems, and smart loads,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 381–388, 2011.

11. Thank You