1. Memory and logic in language learning

2. How can you link memory to language production and comprehension?
What do you know about inductive logic?

3. Memory Memory plays a very crucial role in language learning.
When learning to identify the words of the language, devising rules for their use, and relating speech to the environment and mind, the child utilizes a phenomenal memory capacity.

4. The child must remember a multitude of particular words, phrases, and sentences, along with the contexts, both physical and mental, in which they occurred.

5. If children did not remember enough words, phrases, and sentences they heard, they would have little basis for discovering abstract meanings and rules.

6. Negation requires that the child remember previously experienced negative sentences.
Without a good memory, language learning would not be possible.

7. Logic
When learning language, the child must use both induction and deduction in the analysis of words and sentences and the formulation of grammar and strategies.

8. Young children use INDUCTIVE logic
In the early grammatical phase of learning basic morphemes, e.g. Progressive, Plural, and Third Person, children must use an inductive analysis.

9. Taking the Plural as an example, children must scan the sentences uttered by mature speakers and then note that a suffix is added when two or more objects are being talked about.

10. The children then formulate a rule in their minds
The children then formulate a rule in their minds. This rule is tested when the children hear other sentences uttered by the mature speakers.

11. This type of analysis, where (1) there is a search for characteristics in speech, and then (2) those characteristics are related to objects, situations, and events, represents the essence of the use of inductive logic.

12. An abstract rule or principle is gleaned on the basis of actual data.

13. Young children use DEDUCTIVE logic
The child’s production of speech reflects a great deal of conceptualization and thinking on the part of the child.
Conceptualization refers to the action or process of forming a concept or idea of something.

14. Suppose one 4-year-old child (Rose) says to another child (Tom), ‘You have more than me!’
This is said in a situation where an adult has put down a plate of cookies in front of the two children and the children have made a grab for them.
Then suppose that, after Rose has said this, Tom, the child with the greater number of cookies, gives some to Rose, the child with the lesser number.

15. Then suppose that, after Rose has said this, Tom, the child with the greater number of cookies, gives some to Rose, the child with the lesser number.

16. why did Tom give Rose some cookies
why did Tom give Rose some cookies? What was it about what Rose said that persuaded him to behave the way that he did?

17. Rose must have implied the following logical argument:
Premise 1 You have more cookies than me.
Premise 2 We should have an equal amount.
Conclusion You should give me some of your cookies to make it equal.

18. The fact that Tom responds to Rose’s simple declaration, ‘You have more than me!’ by giving her some cookies indicates that Tom understood her argument.

19. The deaf and language: sign, oral, written

20. What is a true language?

21. First, a sign language is a true language because the language system allows a signer to comprehend and produce an indefinitely large number of grammatical sentences in signs.

22. Language based on speech compared to language based on signs

23. Difference in the physical means of communication: signing involves light and speech involves sound.

24. A particular physical mode is not an essential aspect of language.
language must depend on some physical mode for its use and learning but that mode need not be limited to sound.

25. The mode can be visual, as in signing, or even touch as in languages used by the deaf-blind.

26. The question is
Can we convey ‘If the weather had been fine, then Mary’s uncle could have come and given her money’ through signing?

27. Next class
Continuation