1. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

2. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
What are the characteristics of muscles?
What are the functions of the muscular system?
What are common disorders of the muscular system?
How are muscular disorders treated?
How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

3. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL MUSCLE TYPES
CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds; when the muscle contracts it becomes shorter and thicker
EXCITABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses
EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched
ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing

5. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

6. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation +
contraction of muscle proteins =
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

7. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

8. Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

9. Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

10. Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

11. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

12. Muscle Tone Discuss muscle tone. Atrophy: a- ________ -trophy ________
Hypertrophy:
hyper- _______ -trophy ________
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

13. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle.
What happened?
How do you explain this to him?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

14. Muscle Tone Exercise & Training
What are the advantages of exercise?
Are there any disadvantages of exercise?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

15. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Fatigue
Discuss muscle fatigue:
What causes muscle fatigue?
How does the body correct muscle fatigue?
Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?
Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
Give examples of each.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

16. Functions of the Muscular System
What are the functions of the muscular system?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

17. THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS Responsible for all body movement
Responsible for body form and shape (posture)
Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature

18. Movement: Skeletal Muscle
Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement.
The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

19. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Movement
Discuss the mechanism of skeletal muscle movement to include:
Point of origin
Point of insertion
Identify the:
Prime mover
Antagonist
Synergists
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

20. Movement: Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

21. Movement: Circulatory System Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

22. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Posture
How does the muscular system effect posture?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

23. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold? Why?
How is this response helpful?
How does the body respond to exercise? Why?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

24. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Myopathy
Myo-
-pathy
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

25. Disorders and Related Terminology
Conditions:
ATROPHY – wasting away of muscle due to lack of use
Massage or ROM of the muscle not being used will help prevent atrophy
HYPERTROPHY – an increase in the size of the muscle cell (weightlifting)

26. Disorders and Related Terminology
Injury and Overuse:
STRAIN – tear in the muscle resulting from excessive use. Bleeding inside the muscle can result in pain and swelling. Ice packs will help stop bleeding and reduce swelling.
MUSCLE SPASM (cramp) – sustained contraction of the muscle, usually because of overuse
MYALGIA – muscle pain
TENDONITIS – inflammation of a tendon (tendons are cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones or other structure)

27. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Fibromyalgia
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to fibromyalgia.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
(BS&F, 11th, pg 138)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

28. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Hernia
Discuss hernias.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
(BS&F, 11th, pg 138)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

29. Muscle Spasms (Involuntary hypertonicity)
Discuss muscle spasms.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
(BS&F, 11th, pg 138)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

30. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy
Discuss the picture and how it relates to muscular dystrophy.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
(BS&F, 11th, pg 139)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

31. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Myasthenia Gravis
Discuss the picture and how it relates to myasthenia gravis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
(BS&F, 11th, pg 139)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

32. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Strain
What happened here?
What symptoms is this man having? Why?
How will he treat them?
What is his prognosis?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

33. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tendonitis
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to tendonitis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

34. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tetanus
Discuss the picture and how it relates to tetanus.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
(BS&F, 11th,
pg 139)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

35. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
What are the characteristics of muscles?
What are the functions of the muscular system?
What are common disorders of the muscular system?
How are muscular disorders treated?
How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system