1. TRAINING AND CULTURAL PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED IN THE MEDICAL AREA FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALARA PRINCIPLE
I-L Lamm EFOMP History

2. 5000 Medical Physicists
I-L Lamm EFOMP History

3. ALARA
Risks
Benefits

4. Difficulties implementing ALARA in Medical Areas
The possible acuteness of patients requires very fast decision making regarding the use of radiation.
Rapid change of the radiation technology utilised in hospitals.
The work force dynamics in Hospitals is submitted to frequent changes of destination and activity.

5. Yearly Use of Radiation in Medical Areas in the World
> 2 billions X ray exams.
> 30 Millions of Nuclear Medicine Procedures.
> 6 Millions of Radiotherapy Actions.

6. Digital versus Analogical Radiology

7. ALARA and the Education and Training in RP
TIME
DISTANCE
SHIELDING
E&T in RP

8. ALARA RESTS ON E&T E&T Health Workers Public Voluntaries
Medical Physicists

9. ALARA RESTS ON THE QC OF THE EQUIPMENTS
Quality Control
Medical Physicists

10. Diversity of Health Workers involved in ALARA
Doctors or physicians
Specialist doctors (Radiological, Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapists physicians)
Nurses
Radiographers, Nuclear Medicine technicians, Radiotherapy technicians.
Service personnel
Administrators
Medical Physicists.

11. Specialist doctors relevant for ALARA implementation
Cardiologists, traumatologists, urologists, pain doctors, pulmonologists
Specialists in Radiology, Nuclear Medicine or Radiotherapy
Specialists in Vascular or Interventional Radiology or in Cardiac Haemodynamics.

12. E&T for Health Workers should be:?
Comprehensible
Practical

13. E&T to the Public Radioactive Waste from Hospitals Inside Hospitals
Voluntaries to exposition for the well-being of patients

14. ALARA can be implemented easily to patients
Clear Benefits if justification principle is applied
Regardless, dosimetry calculations or measurements are needed
Risks
Benefits

15. ALARA and Radiation Risks in Hospitals

16. Improving the implementation of ALARA in Hospitals
Others
MPE

17. ALARA and Medical Physicists
The qualified medical physicist has a UNIQUE competence and carries a range of responsibilities for equipment, techniques, methods used in the clinical environment and for E&T in big hospitals

18. MPE as QE in RP in Europe

19. And Health workers, the public and visitors to big hospitals
DIRECTIVE
97/43 EURATOM
(30th june 1997)
Experts in Medical Physics have the responsibility to carry out or be in charge of the Radiological Protection of patients ….
And Health workers, the public and visitors to big hospitals

20. TRAINING AND CULTURAL PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED IN THE MEDICAL AREA FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALARA PRINCIPLE
THANK YOU
I-L Lamm EFOMP History