1. Rebuilding Japan After World War II

2. Reasons for Rebuilding Japan

3. Reasons for US Rebuilding Japan
Stop the spread of communism throughout Asia
Promote democracy in the region by reforming Japan’s monarchy into a constitutional monarchy
Improve Japan’s economy in order to trade with Japan and sell US products to Japan’s market
Devastation of dropping atomic bombs on Japan

4. MacArthur
General Douglas MacArthur, the American commander of the occupied forces, was given the job of putting Japan back on its feet.
He was expected to create a Japan that would guarantee it would not pose a military threat to other countries in the future.
MacArthur wanted Japan to have a democratic government, but he also appreciated the important place the Japanese emperor occupied in the Japanese culture.

5. The Occupation
Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) - General Douglas MacArthur
Two main tasks:
demilitarization
democratization

6. Reforms Made to Japan

7. JAPANESE CHANGES

8. Demilitarization and War Criminal Reforms

9. Demilitarization Purged almost all wartime officers and politicians
Disbanded almost all militaristic associations and parties
Prosecuted almost all war criminals
The issue of Yasukuni Shrine
Dismantled almost all war industries

10. Article 9 Controversy Renunciation of war
Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.
Renunciation of war
No possession of military forces
Denial of the state’s right of belligerency

11. Political Reforms

12. Government Choices
MacArthur decided to Japan would be a constitutional monarchy.
A constitutional monarchy is one where…
He wrote a constitution for the country, still referred to as The MacArthur Constitution, that created a two –house parliament called a Diet.

13. Japan’s New Constitution
The constitution created a two-house parliament called The Diet.
Everyone over the age of 20 could vote for members of the Diet.
The constitution also included a Bill of Rights and guaranteed basic freedoms.
The emperor remained as a symbol of the country, but was stripped of his power.

14. FREE ELECTIONS AND WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

15. US ENDS OCCUPATION OF JAPAN 1952
US ends their occupation of Japan in Japan is granted membership into the United Nations in 1957.

16. Economic Reforms

17. US REBUILDS JAPAN’S ECONOMY 1955
U. S. financial support, along with the Japanese values of hard work lead to a period of great economic growth for Japan.

18. Growth of Japanese Car Industry
The Japanese automotive industry is one of the most prominent and largest industries in the world. Japan has been in the top three of the countries with most cars manufactured since the 1960s, surpassing Germany.
The automotive industry in Japan rapidly increased from the 1970s to the 1990s (when it was oriented both for domestic use and worldwide export)
In the 1980s and 1990s, overtook the U.S. as the production leader with up to 13 million cars per year manufactured and significant exports.

19. Growth of Japanese Car Industry
The demand for domestic trucks was greatly increased by the Japanese military buildup before World War II, causing many Japanese manufacturers to break out of their shells and design their own vehicles.
In the 1970s Japan was the pioneer in robotics manufacturing of vehicles.
The country is home to a number of companies that produce cars, construction vehicles, motorcycles, ATVs, and engines.
Japanese automotive manufacturers include Toyota, Honda, Daihatsu, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Isuzu, Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Mitsuoka.

20. Passenger cars
Manufacturer
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Toyota
3,849,353
3,631,146
2,543,715
2,993,714
2,473,546
3,170,289
Nissan
982,870
1,095,661
780,495
1,008,160
1,004,666
1,035,726
Honda
1,288,577
1,230,621
812,298
941,558
687,948
996,832
Suzuki
1,061,767
1,059,456
758,057
915,391
811,689
896,781
Mazda
952,290
1,038,725
693,598
893,323
798,060
830,294
Daihatsu
648,289
641,322
551,275
534,586
479,956
633,887
Subaru
403,428
460,515
357,276
437,443
366,518
551,812
Mitsubishi
758,038
770,667
365,447
586,187
536,142
448,598
Other 25 30
Total
9,944,637
9,928,143
6,862,161
8,310,362
7,158,525
8,554,219

21. Growth of Japan’s Economy
Known as the Japanese Miracle!

22. Korean War (1950 - 1953) Economic turning point for Japan:
war supplies to Korea
industrial resurgence
foreign currency
growth rate: 9.4%
growth rate: 10.9%
1952 Japan’s GDP matched prewar high

23. High Growth of 1955-62 Large investment in heavy industry
Imports of energy and raw materials
Government’s economic goals:
achieve economic self-sufficiency
achieve full employment
improve export competitiveness
keep domestic demand high

24. High Growth of 1963-1973 Government’s “doubling income” plan
Large-scale infrastructure construction
Labor-intensive to capital-intensive
Technological improvement and facility modernization under government protection
Aggressive export strategy
Businesses compete with foreign counterparts under government protection

25. High Growth of
Government’s plan to “double the national income in ten years”
scheduled 9% annual growth rate
large-scale infrastructure construction
Shinkansen (bullet train)
Olympic Games
port, road, and rails
human infrastructure

26. High Growth of 1963-73 labor-intensive in decline
agricultural subsidies
textile bankruptcies and “excess capacity”
coal industry in serious decline
capital-intensive on the rise
large firms had 10- and 20-fold growth
electronics and automobile

27. Government Response
Government responded to some sectors’ decline with reorganization and subsidization
Technological improvement and facility modernization under government protection
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
constant and critical role in developing the computer industry

28. High Growth of 1963-73 Aggressive export strategy
businesses compete with foreign counterparts under government protection
domestic market sealed off from competition
Strict limitations on governmt expenditures
1965 Japanese exports exceeded imports for the first time in two decades

29. More Shocks in 1990s
Large and rising government deficit and public debt (now more than 200% of GDP)
Aging population (median age now at 45)
Banking crises and non-performing loans
Asian financial crisis ( )
“Hollowing out” of industry
Natural disasters and terrorist attacks
Economic position now taken over by China and India

30. 1941