1. Influences 1
Influences

2. What you will learn about
Influences 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
Cultural influences
Health and well-being influences
Image influences
Influential people
Resource influences
Socio-economic influences

3. Influences 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Understand various influences that affect sports participation
Describe each of the influences
Explain the effect of each influence

4. Influences 4
Cultural influences
Cultural influences are those that impact on daily life and are often out of a person’s control.

5. Influences 5
Some people will play a particular sport because they see it as part of their heritage or culture.

6. Influences 6
Age
The age of a person can influence their chances of participating in certain activities.
There might be an age limit or guidelines on separate compeitions and coaching for different age groups.

7. Influences 7
However, many centres now have specific groups for different age ranges including the under 12s, over 16s.
They also have senior and veteran teams or classes specifically catering to older people.

8. Sporting opportunities for the disabled have often been restricted.
Influences 8
Disability
Sporting opportunities for the disabled have often been restricted.

9. Influences 9
However, these days, campaigns and lottery grants have helped many sports centres to update their facilities.
Many centres now offer ramps, stairlifts, changing areas and modified toilets.

10. Influences 10
Gender
Some clubs are for boys only and don’t allow boys and girls to compete against each other.
However, there are increasingly more mixed teams as well as girls-only teams. Golf and racket sports already see men versus women.

11. Influences 11
Race
Certain sports have traditional or cultural links to particular groups, for example, gymnastics is very popular in Russia and China.

12. Influences 12
Sprinting events are often dominated by African athletes and cricket is very popular among British Indian communities.
The reasons certain groups play certain sports can be linked to access to facilities and family traditions.

13. Influences 13
Task 1
Identify the stereotypical sports that the following groups might play:
Working-class African-American boys
Middle-class English boys
Middle-class Canadians
Upper-class English girls
Working-class English boys
Working-class Indian boys
Teacher’s notes
Possible answers include:
Working-class African-American boys: basketball, athletics, American football.
Middle-class English boys: rugby, cricket, tennis.
Middle-class Canadians: ice hockey.
Upper-class English girls: tennis, field hockey, horse riding, lacrosse.
Working-class English boys: football.
Working-class Indian boys: cricket.
As a class, discuss how you think these sterotypes have now changed.

14. Health and well-being influences
Participation in exercise can help your health and well-being.
The following are all examples of ways in which it does this.

15. Exercise gives you energy so helps to prevent fatigue.
Influences 15
Exercise gives you energy so helps to prevent fatigue.
More exercise means more calories are burned.
The heart becomes stronger and bigger so can help reduce the risk of heart disease.

16. Exercising with others can lead to friendships.
Influences 16
The better the condition of the body, the easier it is to recover from illness or injury.
Exercise can be an outlet for stress and anger, relieving mental pressures.
Exercising with others can lead to friendships.

17. Tendons become stronger so helps to prevent muscle injury.
Influences 17
Better cardiovascular fitness means the heart works more efficiently by pumping more blood per beat.
Arteries become larger and more elastic, leading to reduced blood pressure.
Tendons become stronger so helps to prevent muscle injury.

18. Influences 18
Task 2
In a group of three, prepare a two–minute presentation on how sustained physical activity can help reduce illness and health problems.
Deliver your presentation to the rest of the class.

19. Influences 19
Image influences
Sports can go in and out of fashion, usually depending on the level of coverage they get in the media.

20. Influences 20
Media coverage highlights positive events such as winning big competitions (for example, Wimbledon), or negative aspects (like a premiership footballer getting arrested for breaking the law).

21. Influences 21
Task 3
In a pair, think of two sporting events which have recently been covered in the media.

22. Task 4 Study the images on the next two slides.
Influences 22
Task 4
Study the images on the next two slides.
What was the impact of the media coverage of these events on the image of the sports?
Teacher’s notes
Answers to this task are on slides 25 and 26.

23. Influences 23

24. Influences 24

25. England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003.
Influences 25
England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003.
Because of the win, participation in rugby union went up by almost 30 per cent.
The national governing body, the Rugby Football Union (RFU), received more revenue and was able to further publicize the sport.
Teacher’s notes
Second paragraph: Source: RFU Touchline magazine

26. Influences 26
Unfortunately, England did not qualify for the Euro 2008 football tournament.
As a result, the Wimbledon tennis tournament received more coverage in the media.

27. Influences 27
The Wimbledon Men’s Singles Final was watched by a peak audience of 13.1 million viewers on BBC1.
This represented a 47.6 per cent share of the television audience. An average of 8.6 million people watched the match.

28. Influences 28
On the Internet, 11.7 million users followed the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, an increase of 3 million people on 2007.

29. People: positive influences
If your parents have a keen interest in a particular sport or introduce you to an activity at a young age, you are more likely to take up the same sport.

30. Influences 30
Children whose parents socialize at sports clubs are more likely to be influenced and be involved in the same sport if their parents enjoy playing it.
Family pride and experience in sport can also benefit younger family members and can encourage them to take up sport.

31. Influences 31
If children have observed positive attitudes towards sport and see it as a good thing, they are more likely to become involved with sporting activities.
Children are also more likely to try sports if they have a friend that already plays or if their friendship group sees it as a cool thing to do.

32. People: negative influences
A child is less likely to be involved in sport if their parents do not like sport.

33. Influences 33
Children may observe negative attitudes towards sport in the home and see it as a bad thing or just haven’t been exposed to sporting activities.
Children are unlikely to try sports if they friends don’t like sport or if their friendship group sees it as an uncool thing to do.

34. Influences 34
Sometimes a child can be forced into playing a sport by a parent because they want to encourage them to participate.

35. Influences 35
It can also be because the parent missed out on the same opportunity when they were younger so are trying to live through their child.

36. Influences 36
Forcing a child to do something they do not want to do (even a positive thing like sport) can lead them to associate sport with a bad experience.
Also, if a child is forced to focus on just one sport, they may miss out on other sports they might be really good at.

37. Influences 37
There is a possibility that when a child is out of their parents’ control, they may give up sport.

38. Influences 38
Role models

39. Influences 39
A role model is someone who is looked up to and admired for what they are achieving/have achieved personally and/or professionally.
Sportspeople can earn lots of money and lead glamorous lifestyles, but this is because they are successful in their sport. Not everyone who is good at their sport achieves this level of recognition though.

40. Influences 40
Many young people will try to emulate their role model by wearing the same clothes, having the same haircut and, crucially, playing the same sport as them.

41. Influences 41
Role models do not have to be famous; family members or local players and coaches can be role models, especially in less well-known sports.

42. Influences 42
Resource influences
Resources can refer to time, money and facilities (including access to and location of).
Where a person lives can have a great impact on what activities they can undertake.

43. Influences 43
For example, if facilities are not available locally or transport links do not exist, it would be hard for people to join a sports club.

44. Influences 44
If people are on a low-income they would not necessarily afford to take part in sports that require special equipment or kit.

45. Socio-economic influences

46. Many sports cost money and some families can’t afford this.
Influences 46
Wealth
Many sports cost money and some families can’t afford this.
However, sometimes funding can
be received from governing bodies, the Lotto or sponsorship for groups or individuals.

47. Influences 47
Home
Many places do not have good enough facilities because there are not enough people interested in the sport (for example, in villages or poor areas).
However, sometimes governing bodies or the Lotto can subsidize equipment.

48. 3
Influences 48
Exam question
1. Read the following statements and decide which option is correct.
Statement 1: A key influence associated with people impacting on participation is socio-economic.
Statement 2: A key influence associated with people impacting on participation is family.
Both statements are true
Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
Both statements are false
Teacher’s notes
Correct answer is C.

49. What you have learnt in this topic:
Influences 49
What you have learnt
in this topic:
Cultural influences
Health and well-being influences
Image influences
Influential people
Resource influences
Socio-economic influences

50. Learning objectives You should now be able to:
Influences 50
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
Understand various influences that affect sports participation
Describe each of the influences
Explain the effect of each influence