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Figure 1. The annual cycle of the migratory monarch butterfly occurs in four main stages: (1) overwintering, (2) spring migration and breeding, (3) summer.

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Presentation on theme: "Figure 1. The annual cycle of the migratory monarch butterfly occurs in four main stages: (1) overwintering, (2) spring migration and breeding, (3) summer."— Presentation transcript:

1 Figure 1. The annual cycle of the migratory monarch butterfly occurs in four main stages: (1) overwintering, (2) spring migration and breeding, (3) summer expansion and breeding, and (4) fall migration. The 12 citizen science programs that collect data solely on monarchs are indicated by acronym at stages at which they collect data. Throughout the year, general butterfly surveys (GBS) collect distribution data. The details and full names for the programs are shown in table 2 and supplemental appendix S1. Photographs: left, Carol Cullar, Rio Bravo Nature Center; top, right, bottom, Wendy Caldwell, University of Minnesota. From: A Citizen Army for Science: Quantifying the Contributions of Citizen Scientists to our Understanding of Monarch Butterfly Biology BioScience. 2015;65(4): doi: /biosci/biv011 BioScience | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

2 Figure 2. Estimated time spent in 2011 collecting data by volunteers for (a) monarch and (b) general butterfly programs displayed in 1-degree resolution. The monarchs’ northern range and the approximate separation between the ranges of the eastern and western North American populations are indicated with dark lines. The point size is scaled to the number of volunteer hours, calculated from the formulae and information in tables 1 and 3. The estimates are stratified by seasons defined by monarch migration biology. From: A Citizen Army for Science: Quantifying the Contributions of Citizen Scientists to our Understanding of Monarch Butterfly Biology BioScience. 2015;65(4): doi: /biosci/biv011 BioScience | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

3 Figure 3. Count of publications presenting new analyses on monarchs (the monarch research category) over time separated by whether they used citizen science data in their analysis. Initiation time of major monarch citizen science volunteer programs, as well as the NABA count program, is indicated (see table 2 for the acronyms’ definitions and for details on each program). See appendix S1 for a list of all of the publications. From: A Citizen Army for Science: Quantifying the Contributions of Citizen Scientists to our Understanding of Monarch Butterfly Biology BioScience. 2015;65(4): doi: /biosci/biv011 BioScience | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

4 Figure 4. Publications presenting new analyses on monarchs, separated by research topic (see table 2): (a) the number for which data were collected in the lab, field, or both and (b) whether publications used or did not use citizen science data. See supplemental appendix S1 for all of the publications. From: A Citizen Army for Science: Quantifying the Contributions of Citizen Scientists to our Understanding of Monarch Butterfly Biology BioScience. 2015;65(4): doi: /biosci/biv011 BioScience | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

5 Figure 5. Overall publication use of citizen science data
Figure 5. Overall publication use of citizen science data. The studies that took place in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico are separated because public access is restricted. The data are shown for papers published (a) before and (b) after 2000 to reflect the greater availability of citizen science data as multiple programs began in the 1990s (see figure 3 and table 2). From: A Citizen Army for Science: Quantifying the Contributions of Citizen Scientists to our Understanding of Monarch Butterfly Biology BioScience. 2015;65(4): doi: /biosci/biv011 BioScience | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

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