1. Hiatal Hernia The American Journal of Medicine
Ravinder K Mittal 
The American Journal of Medicine 
Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 33S-39S (November 1997)
DOI: /S (97)

2. Fig. 1
Schematic of the anatomic structures present at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ).
The American Journal of Medicine  , 33S-39SDOI: ( /S (97) )

3. Fig. 2
A diaphragmatic hiatal hernia. Note the squamocolumnar junction and lower esophageal sphincter are well above the diaphragmatic hiatus.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 33S-39SDOI: ( /S (97) )

4. Fig. 3
Paraesophageal hernia. The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is located in the normal intraabdominal location. Note the herniation of peritoneum through the phrenoesophageal ligament.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 33S-39SDOI: ( /S (97) )

5. Fig. 4
Full column barium study. The location of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is well above the diaphragmatic hiatus with an intervening portion of stomach making up the hernia sac.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 33S-39SDOI: ( /S (97) )

6. Fig. 5
The manometric record in a normal subject (upper panel) shows one high-pressure zone and one respiratory reversal. Change of a positive-pressure wave to a negative-pressure wave during inspiration is called the respiratory reversal. Lower panel, shows the occurrence of respiratory reversal twice, one at 44 cm (at the level of diaphragm), and the other at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) at 34 cm. This record is diagnostic of hiatal hernia.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 33S-39SDOI: ( /S (97) )

7. Fig. 6
Mechanism of reflux due to hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is an acquired herniation of a part of the stomach through the diaphragm (panel A). After an episode of reflux (panel B), an esophageal peristaltic contraction clears the bolus of acid from the esophagus (panel C) into the hiatal hernia (panel D). Subsequently, swallow-induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter results in reflux of acid from the hernial sac into the esophagus (panel E). This sequence can be repeated several times and results in markedly prolonged clearance of acid from the esophagus.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 33S-39SDOI: ( /S (97) )