1. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty
Spencer Lazar & Matthew Lindenbaum

2. Historical Background
Oswald Avery
Canadian born
Graduated from Colgate University, and received MD from Colombia University
Colin MacLeod
Attended McGill University
Maclyn McCarty
Attended Stanford University, and graduated Johns Hopkins Medical School
They conducted their research at US Naval Lab from

3. Experiment
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty expanded the work of Frederick Griffith
Griffith conducted his experiments in 1928
He inserted two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (virulent strain type III-S and non-virulent type II-R) into mice
Found that bacteria was transformed, but he did not know the reason why or what the transformation factor was
Utilized similar techniques in order demonstrate transformation

5. Procedure
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s goal was to discover what the transformation factor was.
They used specific enzymes to remove the possible transforming factors individually.
When Avery, MacLeod , and McCarty mixed the heat killed, virulent III-S with the non-virulent II-R strain they saw that the non-virulent strain was transformed into the virulent strain
The virulent properties were passed on
At the time, it was widely hypothesized that protein was the transformation factor, and not DNA

6. Contribution to field of biotechnology
Proved DNA was the transforming factor
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty shifted the focus from proteins to DNA
Future scientists focus on DNA because Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty set the precedent
Their work was not acknowledged until years after their research.
It was not until after their experiments were repeated until people finally accepted that their results were valid
The Nobel Foundation later expressed their regret for not awarding them a Nobel Piece Prize

7. Works cited https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcyul43ac5c
mccarty_experiment#Reception_and_legacy