1. Stanford Linear Accelerator
High Energy Physics – particle physics
Photon (X-ray) science
Astrophysics and Cosmology

2. Particle or High Energy physics
to understand the basic constituents of matter
and the interactions between them
--in answering these questions we are probing deeply into the workings of the Universe

3. Why high energy? 1. Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength
Wavelength defines resolution
--scale at which we can see
2. High energy allows us to produce new (more massive) particle types

4. Particle Physics Experiments
BaBar –the B factory at SLAC
experiment completed,
data still being analyzed
–“Large Hadron Collider”
at CERN (Switzerland)
science will start 2009
ILC –the international linear collider
--a plan (and a hope) for the future

5. Particle detectors
a multilayered set of components (each layer has its own technologies and experts)
detect and identify all particles produced in a collision
measure as accurately as possible the momentum and energy of each particle
www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors.html

6. Particle Physics B Factory –BaBar Detector
studying the difference in the
laws of physics for
matter
and
antimatter

7. BaBar Collaboration

8. Matter and antimatter in the Universe
Laws of physics for matter and antimatter are very similar
Universe contains lots of matter, very little antimatter
How did that come about?

9. ATLAS @LHC One of two very large detectors for experiments at LHC
Particle physicists hope for all kinds of discoveries with this machine
Higgs particle ?
Super-partner particles???
Indications of new dimensions
of space????????

10. Accelerator Physics Design, build, and run forefront accelerators
New acceleration technologies
Improvements in efficiency and reliability of existing technologies
A science in its own right!
Also a set of very challenging engineering problems.

11. International Linear Collider
SLAC accelerator physicists play some key roles in project
Small group at SLAC working on possible detector design
R&D is a priority of the field, decision if and where to build ~2010 (after first LHC rersults)

12. Photon Science -- SSRL Synchrotron radiation lab
uses x-rays for science at
atomic and molecular scales

13. Accelerators as X-ray sources
Basic concept – when fast moving electrons are deflected by magnets they radiate photons
Synchrotron radiation –bending magnets in storage ring (synchrotron)
Wigglers and undulators – additional magnets placed along straight section to “wiggle” the beam to make x-ray photons

14. X rays probe all kinds of science
Materials Science
Surface physics
Structure of Biological macromolecules
Trace elements in environment
And more -- over 300 experiments each year –users from all around the world

15. PULSE –photon ultra-fast laser science and engineering
Sub-picosecond x-ray pulses, & short pulse lasers
to probe fast
processes
pump-probe
experiments
watch how excited states
change in time

16. LCLS –X-ray laser A new facility for ultra-fast science First lasing:
April
Science starts
soon!

17. LCLS - New capacities
1 0 billion times brighter than any previous x-ray source
Short pulse – femto-second duration
Study time development of chemical and atomic processes
Imaging single protein molecules (eventual goal --no need for crystalization)

18. Astrophysics -- KIPAC Kavli Institute for
Studying the Dark Energy of the Universe
                                                                                       
Studying the Dark Energy of the Universe
                                                                                       
Studying the Dark Energy of the Universe
                                                                                       
Kavli Institute for
Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
experiments
and
theory

19. Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Astronomy –observing and cataloguing the objects
Astrophysics—providing physical models for what produces the observed phenomena
“Particle Astrophysics” –that part of astrophysics that elucidates fundamental particle physics questions
Cosmology –providing a physical model for the evolution of the universe

20. Some Particle Astrophysics questions
What is dark matter?
What produces the highest energy cosmic rays? X-rays?
What is the role of neutrinos in a supernova explosion?
What causes the expansion of the Universe to be speeding up?
(or what is dark energy?)

21. Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope
formerly known as
GLAST
launched
June
detector built at SLAC
spectacular year of
results

22. LSST Large Synoptic Survey telescope
Under design –telescope to be built in Chile
SLAC will compete to build camera
--largest ever digital camera
3.2 gigapixels!

23. Challenges for all this science
Invention of new devices
Precision engineering and control
Making sense of large quantities of data
Simulations
Theory