1. Loyola University Chicago
CITE!
MLA
APA
CITATION STYLE OVERVIEW: Answering Most of Your Questions about Common Citation Styles!
CITE!
Chicago
Turabian
Loyola University Chicago
The Writing Center
IC 221 (LSC), Corboy 811 (WTC)
CITE!
CITE!

2. Using Citation Style: Why, Which, When?
Citations help prevent plagiarism by clearly separating your own voice and opinions from those of the professional scholars and texts you use as sources.
Multiple citation styles exist, each catered to the needs of individual disciplines like the humanities, sciences, or social sciences.
Which citation style you use usually depends on your teacher’s expressed choice, or your discipline’s common preference for one style (e.g. MLA for English, APA for Psychology)

3. Copyright Page: Your Best Friend…
The information you need for your citation can be found on the copyright page, located at the beginning of your book.
Generally, you will need information such as the author’s first and last name, title of the book, name of publisher, and place of publication, and year published.

4. MLA:
Modern Language Association of America – MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th Edition.
Style used primarily by Humanities disciplines including English, Creative Writing, History, Philosophy, and language studies.

5. APA:
Think of APA as the scientist’s best friend, keeping you from stealing other scientists’ data!
Style primarily used by social sciences, science, and humanities disciplines, i.e. psychology, biology, chemistry, and mathematics.
American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual, 6th Edition.

6. Chicago:
Chicago Style is mostly used by humanities disciplines such as History and Philosophy.
Guide and current updates can be found in the latest edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (circa 1906).
Style is simplistic, efficient, and characterized by brief in-text citations, e.g. (Brewster, 2013).
Current edition is the Sixteenth Edition, published in 2010.

7. Turabian:
Invented by Kate Turabian, dissertation secretary at the University of Chicago in 1937.
Similar to Chicago Style, adjusted for student writer usage.
A Manual for Writers, 8th Edition.
Less popular citation style.
Style is chiefly used by art and literature disciplines in the humanities.

8. Styles Contrasted: In-Text and End
(MLA) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the infinite, had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder 84). Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life. Oxford University Press, (APA) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the infinite, had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder, 2013). Milder, Robert. (2013) Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Print. (Chicago) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the infinite, had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder, Hawthorne’s Habitations, 84). Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Print. (Turabian) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the infinite, had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder 84). Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life.

9. Bibliography/Works Cited Page
A bibliography cites each individual source used or quoted within your paper:
Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life. Oxford University Press, 2013.
An annotated bibliography includes a few sentences after your full citation, which sum up the content of the article or book referenced:
Asserting that Aylmer desexualizes Georgiana in order to perfect her, Milder also suggests that Georgiana depersonalizes the experience by concluding her husband’s dissatisfaction to be directed not at her specifically, but at the general imperfections and limitations of the human body. Because Aylmer also is human, he falls short like Georgiana, the tragedy describing the unrealistic expectations of transcendent idealism when applied to real life (Craig 3).

10. CITATION TIPS:
Circle the style your teacher asks for on each new assignment and follow its guidelines (i.e. most commonly MLA citation format, 12 point font Times New Roman, double-spaced).
Bookmark quick links to online citation resources and guide-sheets for easy access. See the LUC Writing Center’s “Online Resources” page for links to citation websites and other help.
Don’t do your citations last-minute!
Make an appointment with the Writing Center to make sure your citations and annotated bibliographies are formatted correctly.
LUC Writing Center Curriculum, Lydia Craig 2017 ©