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Human Anatomy and Physiology
Spring Lab Practical Study Slides Know all anatomical structures
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Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
Cerebral hemisphere Corpus callosum Third ventricle Choroid plexus of third ventricle Occipital lobe of cerebral hemisphere Thalamus (encloses third ventricle) Anterior commissure Pineal gland (part of epithalamus) Hypothalamus Corpora quadrigemina Optic chiasma Cerebral aqueduct Midbrain Pituitary gland Cerebral peduncle Mammillary body Fourth ventricle Pons Choroid plexus Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Spinal cord (a)
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Figure 7.4a Structure of a typical motor neuron.
Dendrite Mitochondrion Cell body Nissl substance Axon hillock Axon Collateral branch Neurofibrils Nucleus One Schwann cell Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cells, forming the myelin sheath on axon (a)
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Figure 7.10 How neurons communicate at chemical synapses.
Slide 2 Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron 1 Action potential arrives. Dendrite Vesicles Axon terminal Synaptic cleft
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Figure 11.3b Gross anatomy of the heart.
Superior vena cava Aorta Left pulmonary artery Right pulmonary artery Left atrium Right atrium Left pulmonary veins Right pulmonary veins Pulmonary semilunar valve Left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve) Fossa ovalis Aortic semilunar valve Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) Left ventricle Right ventricle Chordae tendineae Interventricular septum Inferior vena cava Myocardium Visceral pericardium (epicardium) (b) Frontal section showing interior chambers and valves.
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Nasal cavity Oral cavity Nostril Pharynx Larynx Trachea Left main
Figure 13.1 The major respiratory organs shown in relation to surrounding structures. Nasal cavity Oral cavity Nostril Pharynx Larynx Trachea Left main (primary) bronchus Right main (primary) bronchus Left lung Right lung Diaphragm
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Figure 13.5a Respiratory zone structures.
Alveolar duct Alveoli Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar duct Terminal bronchiole Alveolar sac (a) Diagrammatic view of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
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Mouth (oral cavity) Parotid gland Sublingual gland Tongue
Figure 14.1 The human digestive system: Alimentary canal and accessory organs. Mouth (oral cavity) Parotid gland Sublingual gland Tongue Salivary glands Submandibular gland Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Pancreas (Spleen) Liver Gallbladder Transverse colon Duodenum Descending colon Small intestine Jejunum Ascending colon Ileum Large intestine Cecum Sigmoid colon Rectum Appendix Anus Anal canal
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Figure 14.8 The large intestine.
Left colic (splenic) flexure Transverse mesocolon Right colic (hepatic) flexure Transverse colon Haustrum Descending colon Ascending colon Cut edge of mesentery Ileum (cut) Ileocecal valve Teniae coli Sigmoid colon Cecum Appendix Rectum Anal canal External anal sphincter
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Figure 14.4a Anatomy of the stomach.
Cardia Fundus Esophagus Muscularis externa Serosa Longitudinal layer Circular layer Body Oblique layer Lesser curvature Rugae of mucosa Pylorus Greater curvature Duodenum Pyloric sphincter (valve) Pyloric antrum (a)
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Figure 12.4 Structure of a lymph node.
Germinal center in follicle Capsule Afferent lymphatic vessels Subcapsular sinus Trabecula Afferent lymphatic vessels Efferent lymphatic vessels Hilum Cortex Medullary sinus Follicle Medullary cord
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Figure 9.3 Location of the major endocrine organs of the body.
Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male)
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Figure 15.1a Organs of the urinary system.
Hepatic veins (cut) Inferior vena cava Renal artery Adrenal gland Renal hilum Aorta Renal vein Kidney Iliac crest Ureter Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) Urinary bladder Urethra (a)
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Figure 15.2b Internal anatomy of the kidney.
Cortical radiate vein Cortical radiate artery Renal cortex Arcuate vein Arcuate artery Renal column Interlobar vein Interlobar artery Segmental arteries Renal vein Renal artery Minor calyx Renal pelvis Major calyx Renal pyramid Ureter Fibrous capsule (b)
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Figure 15.3b Structure of the nephron.
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Peritubular capillaries Glomerular capillaries Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus Cortical radiate artery Arcuate artery Arcuate vein Cortical radiate vein Collecting duct Nephron loop (b)
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Figure 15.6 Basic structure of the female urinary bladder and urethra.
Ureter Internal urethral orifice Ureteral orifice Trigone External urethral sphincter Internal urethral sphincter Urogenital diaphragm Urethra
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