1. Corporate Governance in Arab Countries
Dr. Najib Harabi
Professor of Economics
UAS Northwestern Switzerland

2. Contents Introduction Corporate Governance and Economic Development
State of Corporate Governance in Arab Countries
Summary and Conclusions

3. Introduction Big challenges facing Arab economies and societies
Heavy involvement of the State in economy
Poor development of private sector: skewed size distribution of Arab firms
Multiple causes: investment climate and inadequate corporate governance

4. Corporate Governance and Economic Development
Increased access to external financing by firms.
Lowering of the cost of capital and associated higher firm valuation.
Better operational performance through better allocation of resources and better management.
Reduced risk of financial crises.
Better relationship with all stakeholders.

5. State of Corporate Governance in Arab Countries
two sets of empirical data, both of them are of qualitative nature
3 case studies on corporate governance in Morocco, Egypt and Jordan.
The second source of information is the regional roundtable (focus group) discussions, organized by international and regional organizations

6. State of Corporate Governance in Arab Countries
One major key finding is that the legal and regulatory frameworks of the assessed Arab countries are largely compliant with the OECD Principles of corporate governance.
However, practices are not. The difficulty of the assessments is to reflect properly the discrepancies between the letter of the law and compliance

7. State of Corporate Governance in Arab Countries
Corporate governance issues have not been ignored in public debates in the MENA region. Practitioners from capital markets, banks, public and private sector representatives and other civil society groups have accepted the need to address corporate governance reforms as one of the crucial topics affecting the economic growth and development of firms, industries and whole economies in their region.

8. State of Corporate Governance in Arab Countries
Several meetings and conferences at the national and regional level have taken place. Appropriate and up-to-date recommendations regarding corporate governance reform in the MENA region have been adopted in those events.
It is now up to the decision makers at all levels to implement those recommendations.

9. Corporate Governance in Arab Countries: Policy conclusions
Better governance in general: Political, economic etc. (political and institutional reform)
Enhancing the principle “rule of law”
Better competition policy in product and factor markets
Better regulation of financial markets and institutions