1. Physical layer protocol bluetooth
Lecture: 9
Instructor Mazhar Hussain

2. What’s With the Name?
The name ‘Bluetooth’ was named after 10th century Viking king in Denmark Harald Bluetooth who united and controlled Denmark and Norway.
The name was adopted because Bluetooth wireless technology is expected to unify the telecommunications and computing industries

3. Who Started Bluetooth? Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
Founded in Spring 1998
By Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia, Toshiba;
Now more than 2000 organizations joint the SIG

4. What Is Bluetooth?
☼ Bluetooth is an open standard for short-range digital radio to interconnect a variety of devices Cell phones, PDA, notebook computers, modems, cordless phones, pagers, laptop computers, printers, cameras by developing a single-chip, low-cost, radio-based wireless network technology

5. Applications: Cable Replacement
1 Mb/s.
Range ~10 meters.
PANs
Single chip radio.
Low power & low cost.
Why not use Wireless LANs?
- power
- cost

6. Applications: Synchronization
Automatic synchronization of calendars, address books, business cards.

7. Applications: Cordless Headset
Multiple device access.
Hands-free operation.

8. More applications… Conference table. Cordless computer.
Instant photo transmission.
Cordless phone.

9. Goals Open spec. Low cost. Power efficiency.
In order to replace cables, should have similar cost.
Cell phone cable is ~ $10.
Power efficiency.
Lightweight and small form factor.
Easy to use.
Reliable and resilient to failures.

10. The Bluetooth Standard
Defines a protocol stack to enable heterogeneous devices to communicate.
The Bluetooth stack includes protocols for the radio layer all the way up to device discovery, service discovery, etc.

11. Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Application
Applications
RFCOMM/SDP
Presentation Layer
L2CAP
Session Layer
Host Controller Interface
Transport Layer
Link Manager
Network Layer
Link Controller
Data Link Layer
Baseband
PHY RF
OSI/ISO

12. Bluetooth Layers Radio: physically transmits/receives data.
Baseband/Link Controller: controls PHY.
Link Manager: controls links to other devices.
Host Controller:e2e communication.
Logical Link Control: multiplexes/demultiplexes data from higher layers.
RFCOMM: RS323-like serial interface.

13. Radio Band 2.4 GHz license-free ISM band. Available worldwide.
Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) band.
Unlicensed, globally available.
Centered around 2.4 GHz.
Resilient to interference.
Frequency hopping.
Range: 10, 20, and 100m.
1MB/s.

14. Unlicensed Radio Spectrum
33cm
12cm
5cm
26 Mhz
83.5 Mhz
125 Mhz
902 Mhz
2.4 Ghz
5.725 Ghz
928 Mhz
Ghz
5.785 Ghz
cordless phones
baby monitors
Wireless LANs
802.11
Bluetooth
Microwave oven
unused

15. Power Management Low-power modes: prolong battery life.
Devices can be turned-off when idle.
Devices wake up periodically to send/receive data.

16. Security Authentication and encryption.
provides mechanisms for negotiation of encryption modes, keys, etc.

17. References: Johansson and Gerla’s Bluetooth Tutorial at Mobicom 2001.
Bluetooth 1.1: Connect Without Cables, Bray and Sturman.