1. LHC-ALICE Heavy Ions ECFA meeting, Athens,Greece October 10, 2008
Martha Spyropoulou-Stassinaki
Physics Department
University of Athens
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

2. Physics Department, University of Athens
Members of the Greek Team in ALICE Experiment
at LHC accelerator of CERN today
Martha Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M. Tsilis, Maria Vassiliou
Physics Department, University of Athens
Post Docts: A. Belogianni, P. Ganoti
Graduate Students: M. Frangiadakis, J. Menis, F. Roukoutakis, C. Tagridis
Physics Students : I. Aristomenopoulou, D. Contanas, P. Mantzaridis,
A. Markouizos, P. Mitseas, S. Tzakis
Technicians : A. Aloupis,
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

3. ALICE: An LHC Ion Collider Experiment at CERN-LHC
dedicated, ‘general purpose’ HI experiment
1000 members
31 countries
109 Institutes
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens
Size 16x26 m. , weight tones

4. Signals for Heavy Ions Collisions
Experimental requirements
Excellent tracking in high multiplicity Environment
Particle identification (π, K, p, Charm, Beauty, electron, muon)
Photon energy measurement from
Few GeV to >100 GeV
Jet measurement capability
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

5. PID in ALICE full bars:3σ separation, dashed bars:2σ separation
ALICE PPR CERN/LHCC
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

6. 10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

7. Α ) Contribution to the development and running of the detectors
Responsibilities of the Greek team to the ALICE exp. at the LHC-CERN accelerator (Physics Dep., Univ. of Athens, )
Α ) Contribution to the development and running of the detectors
1. Design, construction and commissioning to CERN of High Vontage Distribution System (H.V.D.S.) for 360 channels of the TRD detector of ALICE.
2. Development of Special Control System (DCS) for ( H.V.D.S.) of ALICE TRD detector.
3. Development of Data Acquisition (DAQ) and monitoring system for the ALICE Forward detectors (Τ0,V0,FMD).
4. Improvement of the software platform (MOOD) for the online monitoring of the ALICE detectors.
Design and development new platform (AMORE) for on-line monitoring of all the ALICE detectors.
5. Contribution for the ALICE GRID
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

8. Responsibilities of the Greek team to the ALICE exp
Responsibilities of the Greek team to the ALICE exp. at the LHC-CERN accelerator (Physics Dep., Univ. of Athens, )
Development and Performance of the High Voltage Distribution System for the ALICE TRD A. Markouizos, P. Mantzaridis, P. Mitseas, A. Petridis+, S. Potirakis,
M. Tsilis, M. Vassiliou
1. Design, construction and delivery to CERN of High Vontage Distribution System (H.V.D.S.) for 360 channels of the TRD detector of ALICE.
2. Development of Special Control System (DCS) for ( H.V.D.S.) of ALICE TRD detector.
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

9. XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
Introduction
540 individual modules: 18 azimuthal sectors-supermodules Each supermodule contains: 5 detector stacks of module layers each
Each module consists of:
ALICE TRD
radiator
drift chamber
readout electronics
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 9 9 9

10. XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
HVDS Description
A Master/Slave power supply distribution system has been designed and constructed in order to provide the required anode (1.9kV) and drift voltage (-2.5kV) to the ALICE TRD readout chambers.
The system can switch on and off, monitor (at the nA level), protect, and regulate (leverage of 1000 Volts) each channel from a common ceiling voltage.
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
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11. HVDS Specifications Both Systems: Output Channels 180 ramp-up rate
1-30 V/s
ramp-down rate
1-100 V/s
HV stability
<0.1% /24h
Achieved HV stability
~0.002%/24h
Ripple rejection
~40 dB
Current accuracy
<0.2%
Achieved Current accuracy
~0.03%
response time
< 50 ms
Anode System:
Dynamical range
900 – 1900 V
Max. current
7 uA
Drift System:
1450 – 2500 V
270 uA
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 11

12. DCS: SM HV Control Panel
One SM, 30 channels
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 12

13. DCS: HVDS Channel FSM Panel
Set:
status
voltage
max (min)_voltage
max_current
period
Monitor:
current
Open panels
ramping
alarm history
Warnings – Alarms
Local Archiving
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 13

14. XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
HVDS Commissioning I
2 Anode + 2 Drift Crates delivered and tested at CERN: 30 Anode + 30 Drift HVD Cards Output HV Channels to power 6 TRD Supermodules Until now, 4 SM are installed
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

15. XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
HVDS Commissioning II
Each crate contains:
1 Backplane
15 HVD cards
1 DCS Board
adapted on 1 DCS Auxiliary Card
8 Auxiliary Power Supply Cards
provide AC power to the isolated channels of the HVDS Cards
4 LV Power Supplies (Schroff PSM112 for ±12V and PSG105 for +5V)
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

16. HVDS Commissioning III
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

17. Cosmic Data took at CERN
Test on the TRD-SM I
Cosmic Data took at CERN
“After finalising the assembly of the super module, its performance was tested with cosmics tracks. Three scintillators were arranged so that high multiplicity cosmics events could be recorded with a rate of about two per minute. The drift chambers were filled with an Ar, CO2 (15%) mixture and high voltage was applied by a Master/ Slave distribution system specifically developed at the University of Athens, Greece (drift voltage 1450V, anode voltage 1450 V). “
C. Adler et al. “Construction of the First ALICE TRD Super Module”,
GSI Scientific Report 2006
Figure 1: Cosmics tracklets in the six layers of stack three of the super module. The tracklets can be connected to form tracks. A simple reconstruction (clusterization) was applied. We show a projection of the found clusters onto the plane perpendicular to the z-axis (beam axis).
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

18. XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
Test on the TRD-SM II
Results
σ < 15 mV
Drift 1900 V
Anode 1450 V
Specif. of σ~30mV
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
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19. XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
References
[1] P. Mantzaridis, A. Markouizos, P. Mitseas, A. Petridis†, S. Potirakis, M. Tsilis, M. Vassiliou, “A High Voltage Distribution System for the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector”, ALICE-INT ,
[2] A. Markouizos, P. Mantzaridis, P. Mitseas, A. Petridis, S. Potirakis, M. Tsilis, M. Vassiliou, “The ALICE TRD – HV Distribution System”, Proc. of the Workshop on the DCS for the TRD, CERN, November 2007
[3] A. Markouizos, P. Mantzaridis, P. Mitseas, A. Petridis, S. Potirakis, M. Tsilis, M. Vassiliou, “Performance Tests of the TRD – HVDS” ALICE DCS Workshop, CERN, October 2007,
[4] A. Markouizos, P. Mantzaridis, P. Mitseas, A. Petridis, S. Potirakis, M. Tsilis, M. Vassiliou, “Integration of the HV Distribution System to the First TRD Supermodule”, Proc. of the Workshop on the DCS for the TRD, Heidelberg, January 2007.
[5] C. Adler et al. “Construction of the First ALICE TRD Super Module”, GSI Scientific Report
[6] A. Petridis, S. Potirakis, M. Tsilis, M. Vassiliou, “The TRD HV Distribution System”, ALICE - DCS Workshop, CERN, March 2005,
XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments in HEP M. Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

20. Responsibilities of the Greek team to the ALICE exp
Responsibilities of the Greek team to the ALICE exp. at the LHC-CERN accelerator (Physics Dep., Univ. of Athens, )
3. Development of Data Acquisition (DAQ) and monitoring system for the ALICE Forward detectors (Τ0,V0,FMD).
4. Improvement of the software platform (MOOD) for the online monitoring of the ALICE detectors.
Design and development new platform (AMORE) for on-line monitoring of all the ALICE detectors.
The first phase of the project took place at Athens ( ) with one testing system proposed by the ALICE DAQ group. During our colleague Filimon Roukoutakis worked at CERN as Early Stage Marie Curie Fellow with the DAQ-ALICE group.
His contribution has been extended to two Online monitoring platforms for all ALICE Detectors: MOOD(Monitoring Of Online Data) and AMORE( Automatic Monitoring Environment)
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

21. Local test system (DAQ,DATE,MOOD) Filimon Roukoutakis(2004-2006)
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

22. SSD ALICE detector on-line monitoring by MOOD
(Monitor Of On-line Data) framework
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

23. SDD ALICE detector on-line monitoring by AMORE
(Automatic Monitoring Environment ) framework (F.Roukoutakis )
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens
Display of an event taken by the SDD in global partition

24. Filimon Roukoutakis: ALICE DAQ, references
Talks at CERN/ALICE meetings: During the ALICE weeks of March, July and October 2007
Talks at conferences:
1.The ALICE-LHC online data quality monitoring framework: Present and future,
ROOT workshop, 26-28/3/2007, CERN
The ALICE-LHC online data quality monitoring framework: Present and
future”, XXV workshop on recent developments in high energy physics and
cosmology (28-31/3/2007, Athens, Greece). This is the annual meeting of
Greek high energy physics researchers
3.The ALICE-LHC online data quality monitoring framework: Present and uture”, 1
5th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference 2007, 29/4-4/5/2007, Fermilab
4.The ALICE-LHC online data quality monitoring framework”, International
conference on computing in high energy and nuclear physics (CHEP) 2007,2-7/9/2007
5. The ALICE-LHC online data quality monitoring framework”, IEEE-NPSS
2007 nuclear science symposium and medical imaging conference,27/10-3/11/2007
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

25. LHC/Alice VOBOX (GRID)
HG-06-EKT cluster
Hardware
128 Dual CPUs (Xeon 3.4 Ghz)‏
12 TB SAN Storage
Software
Scientific Linux 4.6
gLite 3.1
Server
Hardware
CPU 1 x Dual Xeon (2.4GHz)‏
RAM 2 x 1 Gb
HD 1 x 250 Gb
Rack 1U
Software
Scientific Linux 4.6
AliEn v (latest)‏
Operation Date 9/7/08 : ( Pledged kSI2k units 80)
Administration : Spyridon Tzakis (Thanks to Latchezar Betev Patricia Mentez Lorenzo)
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

26. Athens VOBOX operation (ALICE)
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

27. Β) Contibution to the search for Quark-Gluon-Plasma formation (QGP)
Responsibilities of the Greek team to the ALICE exp. at the LHC-CERN accelerator (Physics Dep., Univ. of Athens, )
Β) Contibution to the search for Quark-Gluon-Plasma formation (QGP)
Conribution to the two extensive studies : ‘ALICE Physics Performance Report’ , I + II ( published)
Physics preparation with studies on simulated data:
Development of methodology and software for the topological separation/identification pions and kaons ( π/Κ), through their secondary week decay(‘kink’) inside ALICE TPC.
2) Software developmen for particle identification for the central detector
3) Study of strange particle production ( Κ, Λ, αnti-Λ ..)
4) Study of resonance productions ( φ(1020), Κ*(892), Λ(1520)...)
5) Event by event study of the particle ratios.
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

28. Κ/π μ Κ/π decay inside the TPC detector of ALICE, ‘kink’ topology
π -> μ+ ν
Κ/π μ
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

29. Pb-Pb interactions, kaons from ‘kink’ topology
A. Belogianni, P.Ganoti, F. Roukoutakis, M.Spyropoulou- Stassinaki
ALICE-INT
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

30. Qt: transverse momentum of the kink daughter muon with respect to mother, kaon or pion
MC data , Κ- kinks
 limit
K-decay to:
K -> μ+ ν
K -> π +..
Analytical calc.
Qt (GeV/c)
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

31. Topological identification (PID ) π/Κ in Pb-Pb και p-p
Int. (kink decay angle as a function of mother momentum )
A.Belogianni, P. Ganoti, F. Roukoutakis, M.Spyropoulou-Stassinaki
Mother Momentum (GeV/c)
red : Kμ+νμ
blue: πμ+νμ
ALICE-INT
K PID,
pp at 14TeV
PbPb
Kμ 4378
Κπ 1440 Κe
ππ 171
ΚΚ 15
πμ 5
pp 26
‘πp’ 81
contam
4,8%
Decay angle
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

32. Kaon-kinks PID Eff Background
Kaon Identification efficiency from Kink top. , pp inter. at 14TeV/c
Kaon-kinks PID Eff
Background
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

33. 2.1 *10 ^6 pp interactions at 14 TeV
Red line:kaons from Det. PID
Blue line: K->μ + K->π
Number
of tracks
Pt, GeV/c
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

34. Study of Central Detectors’ PID Efficiency
M. Fragkiadakis and M. Vassiliou
TOF
Efficiency
Contamination
Combined
NF(i) : Number of reconstructed particles identified as type i that were originally of another type
NG(i) : Number of reconstructed particles identified as type i that were originally of type i
NREC(i) : Number of reconstructed particles identified as type i regardless of their original type,
i.e. NREC(i) = NG(i) + NF(i).
NR(i) : Number of reconstructed particles that were originally of type i
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 35

35. Study of the Event-by-Event particle ratios
M. Fragkiadakis and M. Vassiliou
Track Reconstruction
Application of Track Quality Criteria
Particle Identification (PID)
Calculation of particle ratios for each event
Creation of mixed events and calculation of the particle ratios from the mixed events
Event-by-event ratios distributions
Calculation of non-statistical fluctuations
Energy dependence of the fluctuations
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 36

36. Study of Λ production in the ALICE Experiment
C. Tagridis and M. Vassiliou
Reconstruction of the secondary vertex (V0’s) and its daughter tracks (Λ0  pπ - , ± 0.5%)
Cut-efficiency study for topological criteria
Estimation of Signal/Noise ratio
Application of topological criteria
Application of PID in daughter tracks :
 Information from ITS, TPC and TOF detector
 Bayes formula
Results for 0.9 TeV
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens 37

37. References
[1] Agarwal M. M et al., “Event-by-Event Physics in ALICE”, ALICE Internal Note, ALICE-INT
[2] “ALICE Physics Performance Report, Vol. I”, (The ALICE Collaboration), CERN/LHCC
[3] “ALICE Physics Performance Report, Vol. II”, (The ALICE Collaboration), J. Phys. G, Nucl. Part. Phys. 32 (2006),
[4] “Transition Radiation Spectra of electrons from 1 to 10 GeV/c in Regular and Irregular Radiators”, (The ALICE-TRD Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A558 (2006) 516
[5] “Study on central detectors’ PID efficiency and Event-by-Event particle ratios in pp collisions”, ALICE Internal Note, ALICE-INT
[6] Presentation in Physics Working Group 2: Soft Physics, July 1st 2008: “Study of Lambda production in pp collisions”, C.Tagridis, M.Vassiliou
[6] Presentation in Physics Working Group 2: Soft Physics, July 1st 2008: “Central detectors PID efficiency and e-by-e particle ratios”, M.Fragkiadakis, M.Vassiliou
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

38. Hadronic Resonances, Physics Motivation
Paraskevi Ganoti, Martha Spyropoulou-Stassinaki
The production of hadron resonances is a method to study the dynamics of QGP hadronization.
Due to short lifetime they can only be measured by reconstruction of their decay products.
Some known Hadron Resonances are:
K(892), Δ(1232), Σ(1385), φ(1020), Λ(1520)
The measurement of Λ(1520) together with other resonances may provide information about the early state of the expanding source in terms of the influence of the medium on the resonance.
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

39. Rescattering and Regeneration
Resonance Life-time
[fm/c] r 
f0(980)
K*(892)
S(1385)
L(1520)
ω(783)
(1020)
Pb-Pb
Hadronization:
Hadrons are formed from quarks
Chemical freeze-out: end of inelastic interactions (particle yields)
Thermal freeze-out: end of elastic interactions (particle spectra)
Λ(1520) p π K-
Rescattering Κ-
Λ(1520)
Regeneration
Signal lost
space
time
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

40. Resonances Study - Λ(1520)
Analytical Study of the capability of the ALICE detector to reconstruct the Λ(1520) resonance.
- reconstruction efficiency (calculation of the geometrical acceptance, study of particle losses inside the Internal Tracking System material).
- invariant mass spectrum of K-p pairs. Background reproduction using the event mixing technique. Signal extraction.
Generated Total
241265
Generated in |η|<0.9 and pT>0.2GeV/c
18200(100%)
Both decay products are geometrically accepted
13248(72.8%)
No K/p interaction nor K decay
9625(52.9%)
Reconstructed Λ* (true pairs) Perfect PID case
5441(29.9%)
Reconstructed Λ* (true pairs) Real PID case
2026(11.1%)
Λ(1520) Reconstruction Efficiency
References
Presentations in collaboration meetings at CERN
Proceedings of the International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter, Levoča-Slovakia, 24-29/6/2007
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 35 (2008) 401 – 407
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

41. Resonance over non-resonance particle ratios of heavy ion collisions compared to pp interactions may indicate signal yield changes due to rescattering and regeneration processes.
The K(892)/K and the Λ(1520)/Λ suggest that rescattering is larger than regeneration.
The φ(1020)/Κ ratio is consistent with the thermal model predictions
The Δ(1232)/p suggests regenaration.
Particle ratio
pp STAR
Au-Au STAR
Thermal model
Δ(1232)/p
0.72 ± 0.108
0.96 ± 0.148
0.68
K(892)/K
0.389 ± 0.029
0.228 ± 0.044
0.32
Λ(1520)/Λ
0.104 ± 0.03
0.033 ± 0.017
0.071
Φ(1020)/Κ
0.124 ± 0.025 ±
0.13
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

42. K*0(892) and Φ(1020) without PID using the kink topology
Resonances Study
K*0(892) and Φ(1020) without PID using the kink topology
- Invariant mass spectrum
Background estimation using the Like-Sign method
Calculation of the Correction factors
Advantages of the method:
Reconstruction of both resonances with a pT ~ 1GeV
Visible signal for K*0 even in the first ~ events. Other studies cannot reveal the K*0 signal in such low statistics
The kink angle must be greater than the maximum decay angle of the decay πμνμ but less than the corresponding angle for the decay Kμνμ.
50 < qT < 250 MeV/c
The kink vertex is between 110 cm and 230 cm.
|η| < 1.1
The invariant mass considering the daughter as a muon is less than 0.6 GeV/c2.
K*0(892)
Φ(1020)
References
Presentations in collaboration meetings at CERN:
First Physics meeting,
Soft Physics meeting,
Internal Note in preparation
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

43. Paraskevi Ganoti , Martha Spyropoulou-Stassinaki
List of talks at International Workshops and in ALICE meetings
Paraskevi Ganoti , Martha Spyropoulou-Stassinaki
16/3/2005 Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title: “A study of K/π kinks generation”
21/4 – 24/4/2005: Workshop on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology (HEP 2005), EESFYE, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki Talk Title: “A method for K/p  identification in ALICE experiment based on the kinematics of their decay
to muons”
21/2/2006: Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title: “Searching for Lambda (1520) in Pb-Pb and pp”
14/3/2006:ALICE week, Soft Physics Working Group, CERN. Talk Title: “Lambda (1520) measurement in Pb-Pb and pp collisions”
15/3/2006: ALICE week, Physics Forum, CERN. Talk Title: “Lambda (1520) production”
13/4 – 16/4/2006: Workshop on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology (HEP 2006), EESFYE, University of
Ioannina. Talk Title:
1). “The role of resonances production in heavy ion collisions and search for Lambda(1520) in ALICE”,
2). “Kink decays (e.g. K/pi to muon+ neutrino) and PID in ALICE ”
18/7/ Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title: “Preliminary study of Lambda(1520) in pp collisions”
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

44. 29/9/2006 1st International Workshop on Soft Physics in ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion
Collisions, Catania (Italy), September 2006
Talk Title: “Study of Λ (1520) resonance in pp interactions at ALICE and K identification from its decay in muon+neutrino”
11/10/2006 ALICE week, Physics Forum, CERN. Talk Title:
1). “Study of Λ(1520) in pp interactions in ALICE”
2). “K identification from its decay to μ + ν”
12/12/2006 Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title: Λ(1520): Status Report
14/2/2007 ALICE Physics week in Munster.
Talk Title: “A study of Λ(1520) in pp interactions at ALICE”
9/5/2007 Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title: “Status report
a)Yields of kaons from their ‘kink decay’ in pp interactions at ALICE
b) Λ(1520) signal with combined PID from TPC and TOF
24/6/ International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter Levoca, Slovakia
Talk Title: “Study of Λ(1520) production in pp TeV with the ALICE detector”
2/10/2008 Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN.
Talk Title : “Kaon identification from kink topology in pp interactions”
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

45. 12/12/2007. Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN
12/12/2007 Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title: “Kaon identification by kink topology”
19/2/2008 Soft Physics Working Group meeting, CERN. Talk Title : “Kaons from kink topology”
17/4/2008 XXVI Workshop on Recent Developments and Cosmology, HEP2008, Ancient Olympia 16-19/4/2008 , Talk Title : “Comparison of Kaon identification through central barrel detectors signals, with the kink topology in ALICE experiment at CERN”
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

46. Budget for Greek participation to ALICE
For the period , when our group is participating to ALICE, the budget has been:
1) Hardware:
( ) kCHF from the Greek Funding Agency
+40k CHF from Athens University
2) Mobility and salary payments for post Docs ( ) etc.: 170 k Euro from the program PYRHAGORAS II
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

47. Future Greek participation to ALICE
1) Participation to the ALICE data taking
2) Data analysis for Physics purpose
( locally, with CERN Analysis Facility and AliEn)
3) Papers preparation with Physics results
4) Students supervision for PhD, Master and Diploma thesis
5) Provided hardware maintenance during data taking
6) provided platforms and software maintenance and
improvement before and during data taking
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

48. BACKUP
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

49. E(beam)=7* Z/A→√s = 5.5.TeV/A or 1.14 PeV for Pb-Pb Beams
Machine
Energy
E(beam)=7* Z/A→√s = 5.5.TeV/A or 1.14 PeV for Pb-Pb
Beams
Possible combinations: pp, pA, AA
Heavy Ion Running
Typically 4 weeks/ year ; typically after pp running
Luminosity
cm-2 s-1 (Pb) to > (light ions) → 10 to > 100kHz rates
Experiment
ALICE: An Lhc Ion Collider Experiment: dedicated, ‘general purpose’ HI experiment
10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

50. 10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

51. 10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens

52. 10/10/2008, ECFA, Athens