1. UROLITHIASIS IN DOGS

2. INTRODUCTION
A condition whereby excessive crystals in the urine combine to form stones(calculi or uroliths) resulting in partial or complete blockage of the urethra.
Results in difficulty in urination

3. TYPES OF UROLITHS
Struvites
Calcium Oxalate
Urate and Ammonium Urate

4. EPIZOOTIOLOGY Any breed can suffer from Canine Urolithiasis.
Struvites are common in female dogs one to eight years of age
Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature Poodles, Bichon Frise, and Cocker Spaniels are mainly affected.

5. EPIZOOTIOLOGY cont’d
Calcium Oxalate are primarily affects male two to ten years of age
Commonly seen in Schnauzers, Lhasa Apsos, Yorkshire Terriers, Bichon Frise, Shih Tzus, and Miniature Poodles.
Urates commonly found in middle aged male Dalmations, as well as English Bulldogs and Yorkshire Terriers.

6. CLINICAL SIGNS Hematuria Lethargy Depression
Low back or abdominal discomfort
Anorexia (loss of appetite)
vomiting
Difficulties in urination (dysuria or stranguria)
Frequent urination (pollakiuria)
Cloudy urine.

7. DIAGNOSIS Abdominal palpation Urinalysis
Urine culture to determine type of stone and infection
Obstruction felt with urethral catheter
Radiographic examination

8. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Cystitis
Prostate enlargement
perineal hernias
High level of hormone

9. TREATMENT
Calcium oxalate, urate, cystine and silicate stones cannot be dissolved
Require surgical treatment.
Surgical: cystotomy, urethrotomy, urethrostomy or nephrotomy.
Cystine: D-penicillamine
Calcium Oxalate: alkalinizing diet
Urate: Allopurinol

10. TREATMENT (cont’d) General: Increase water intake
Decrease intake of crystalloid
Change PH