1. 20th Century U.S./Asian Relations
Toughest test of the year—STUDY!!!

2. 1) What were the main reasons that Japan was occupied after World War II?
We wanted to de-militarize their nation after the war; their nation was in shambles; we forced them to restructure their government and re-write their constitution (see more details in essay question)

3. 2) What was Mao Zedong's program to renew the spirit of the Chinese revolution called?
The Cultural Revolution

4. 3) Why is there a North Korea and a South Korea?
Korea was divided at the 38th parallel at the end of the war & split into 2 separate countries

5. 4) How was Korea controlled after World War II?
North Korea became communist; South Korea became a democracy; a 1 mile buffer zone (the DMZ—demilitarized zone) separates the two countries still

6. 5) How was Japan like other imperialist nations?
They wanted to colonize Asia and gain more land & resources

7. 6) What was a common force in all of Indochina's independence movements?
Communist party emerged (usually due to Northern influence—think about their neighbors); Forces stepped in to defend the country & fight the spread of communism

8. 7) In Japan, the least amount of people work in which sector?
Agriculture

9. 8) What were the main reasons that Japan went to war against the U.S.?
We placed an embargo on their trade (blocked the resources they were taking from China)

10. 9) Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
They hoped to take out our aircraft carriers and naval forces

11. 10) The Japanese often fought to the last man in combat during WWII
10) The Japanese often fought to the last man in combat during WWII. This shows that they were following what beliefs?
Bushido; samurai code of ethics; some elements of Confucianism—seeking HONOR

12. 11) Who were the Kamikaze?
Fighters who gave their lives for their country—associated with Japan (suicide pilots, bombers, etc.)

13. 12) What were the reasons for dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
They were production cities that provided war supplies; Truman wanted to end the war FAST; the Japanese would not surrender

14. 13) Which political party won the civil war in China and established the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949?
The Chinese Communist Party

15. 14) What country did China model their economic programs after?
USSR

16. 15) What is the relationship between Tibet and China, today?
Tense, but China still controls Tibet although Tibet wants its freedom

17. 16) A unified China fought with the Allied Forces during WWII
16) A unified China fought with the Allied Forces during WWII. In 1949, The People's Republic of China was established as a communist country. What occurred as a result of this?
Domino Theory/Containment Policy; fear of the spread of communism

18. During the Korean War, we were there on behalf of the ___________.
United Nations (to help the South fight
the communists (mainly in the North)

19. 18) What was President Truman's MAIN reason for firing General MacArthur?
He ignored orders & got too close to China—Truman did NOT want a war with China

20. 19) During the Korean War, the communists in the ________ were trying to take over rule of the ____________.
North, South

21. 20) Korea was divided at the __________ parallel.

22. 21) What countries supplied the Communist North Korea with supplies and resources to fight us?
China & the Soviet Union (USSR)

23. 22) While we were fighting in Korea, a _________ with the Soviet Union made Americans apprehensive at home.
Cold War

24. 23) Which leader proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh

25. 24) How did France try to maintain their influence in Indo‑China?
They supported the anti-Communist monarchy & tried to regain power

26. 25) How was Vietnam split after the Geneva Accords?
At the 17th parallel; North & South Vietnam separated (communist north)

27. 26) Which country finally defeated the French at the battle of Dien Bien Phu?
North Vietnam

28. 27) Describe Diem's rule in Vietnam?
Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Buddhists, no political freedoms

29. 28) Which President increased the greatest number of combat troops to Vietnam?
Lyndon B. Johnson

30. 29) _________ was an attack that instigated U. S
29) _________ was an attack that instigated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?
Gulf of Tonkin

31. 30) Who were the Viet Cong?
The Communist forces in the South (Guerilla fighters/rebels)

32. 31) What was the turning point of the Vietnam War in which the American forces/public began to question whether or not they could win?
Tet Offensive

33. 32) How did Mohandas Gandhi contribute to the independence movement of India?
He led a revolution of non-violent non-cooperation to defy the British

34. 33) The separation of India and Pakistan in 1947 was called __________.
partition

35. 34) Gandhi used ________ methods to gain freedom for India.
non-violent

36. 35) What was the Indian National Congress?
The group that fought for equal rights & eventually home rule for India (led by Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru, etc.)

37. 36) Why were India and Pakistan separated?
The Muslims in the North wanted their own nation; they split over religious differences

38. 37) Why did East Pakistan become the country of Bangladesh?
It was too difficult to maintain rule from 2 different areas (geography!)

39. Short Answer: 38. Why was Communism so appealing to the people of Asia after WWII?
Many countries were poor and war-torn following WWII and wanted change; many of their leaders had proved themselves weak during the war

40. 39. Did the containment policy work
39. Did the containment policy work? Why or why not (explain using specific examples)?
Support your opinion with specific examples!

41. 40. What factors led to the rise of Communism in China after WW2?
-weak Nationalist leadership during the war
-government corruption
-unhappy peasants
-Mao and other communist revolutionaries emerged as war heroes after fighting the Japanese in WWII & people were more willing to listen to their political ideas
-The Long March had already helped the communists gain support

42. 41. Compare and contrast the Vietnam and Korean Wars
Similarities:
We were there fighting communism
Part of Cold War
Communist North trying to take whole country under communist rule
Vietnam:
We never invaded the North—we never crossed the 17th parallel
Changed culture and politics of US forever
We were not successful in stopping the communist takeover
First televised war
Lack of public support
Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point between the North & South
Korea:
There for the United Nations
More public support
Stopped South Korea from being taken over

43. 42. How did the United States rebuild Japan after WWII
42. How did the United States rebuild Japan after WWII? Why did they want to rebuild the nation?
HOW:
We wrote their constitution
We demilitarized them following the war
We turned them into a parliamentary democracy/constitutional monarchy
We changed the way that their military could function in the future (defense instead of offense)
WHY:
To make them our ally
So that we would never have to fight them again (remove threat)
Create trade partner