1. Key Terms
Map extent
North arrow
Scale bar
Legend

2. Review Questions
1. A scale bar changes as you zoom in/out of a data frame. True/false?
2. If you adjust a scale bar by width, you cannot widen it by dragging it; its width changes only with the display scale. True/false?

3. Review Questions
3. All standard map elements are dynamically associated with the data frame that is active when they are inserted. True/false?
4. A legend is updated when layers in the data frame are deleted or resymbolized. True/false?

4. Lect 8A GIS Coordinates and Projection
Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)– Spherical Coordinates
Angles of rotation of a radius anchored at Earth’s center
Latitude and longitude: define location on the curved surface of the earth
Used by US Census, other world and federal agencies

5. Latitude and Longitude
longitude (prime meridian)
latitude (equator)

6. GIS Coordinates
Coordinates 40
-80

7. GCS example (census tracts)

8. Rectangular/Projected Coordinates
Map projection is used to represent the earth on a flat surface.
Projected coordinate system: defines location on a flat map based on x, y coordinates
Not all data will be or must be projected, but it must have a geographic coordinate system.

9. Four Types of Projection: SADD
Transformation of the earth’s surface to a flat surface is inherently not perfect and causes distortion to shape, size, distance and direction
Conformal projection: preserve shape (S)
Equal area projection: preserve area (A)
Equidistant projection: preserve distance (D)
Azimuthal projection: preserve direction (D)

10. Rectangular/Projected Coordinates
UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator)
US military
State Plane
Local US governments

11. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Developed by US Army Corps of Engineers (1940s)
Covers world, 80°S to 80°N
Metric coordinates
60 tuned Transverse Mercator
projections for longitude zones, 6° wide

12. State Plane Coordinates (SPC)
Established by the US Coast and Geodetic Survey in the 1930s
All positive coordinates in feet or meters
Used by local US governments
Originally North American Datum (NAD 1927)
More recently NAD 1983 and 1983 HARN (High Accuracy Reference Network)

13. State Plane Zones 125 zones Each zone has its own tuned projection
At least one for each state
Cannot join zones to make larger regions
Follow state and county boundaries
Each zone has its own tuned projection
Lambert conformal projection for zones with eastwest orientation
Transverse Mercator projection for zones with northsouth orientation

14. State Plane Zones

15. State Plane Coordinates Example
State plane NAD 1983, Pennsylvania South, Feet

16. Lect 8B Querying Data Selecting and finding features
Using attribute queries
Creating reports

17. Five Types of Data Query
Use Identify tool
Select feature interactively
Select feature by attribute table: SQL query
Find feature
Select feature by location

18. Ex 15a Selecting and Finding Features
HTML Pop-up
List by Selection
Adjust selection tolerance
Hyperlink Display

19. Ex 15b Using Attribute Queries
SQL Query expression: attribute + operator + value
Verify expression: identify incorrect syntax
Export data

20. Ex 15c Creating Reports Report Wizard Select report fields
Select style
Edit report

21. Lab Assignment 6-- Creating Reports
Complete Ex 15c
Create a report as shown on Page 537
Send the report to the instructor