1. The Cell Organelles Plants Animals Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Centrioles
Cilia
Flagella
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Chromplast
Leucoplast
Vacuole
Plants
Animals

2. Animal Cell

3. Plant Cell

4. Organelle: The Cell Membrane
Two Word Definition
a. Selectively permeable
Function
a. an outer membrane perimeter of the cell that acts as a fence with gates which allow certain materials to pass in and out of the cell

5. Individual phospholipid
Organelle: The Cell Membrane
3. Structure
a. the structure is a complex structure known as a lipid bi-layer. The concept of the structure is called the “fluid mosaic model”
Lipid bi-layer
Individual phospholipid
Protein gate

6. Organelle: The Cell Membrane TEM

7. Organelle: Nucleus 1. Two Word Definition 2. Function 3. Structure
a. Control center
2. Function
a. Controls the activities of the cell
3. Structure
Outer membrane called the nuclear membrane is a double membrane

8. Organelle: Nucleus 3. Structure con’t
b. Inner fluid environment called nucleoplasm
c. Nucleus contains genetic molecule DNA, structured
as chromosomes

9. Organelle: Nucleus TEM

10. 1. Two Word Definition/ Function
Organelle: Nucleolus
1. Two Word Definition/ Function
a. makes ribosomes
2. Structure
a. basically a “knot” of chromatin
Ribosome maker
Nucleus
Nucleolus
b. can be more than one in a nucleus

11. Organelle: The Mitochondria
1. Two Word Definition
a. powerhouse
2. Function
a. site of cell process : cell respiration
b. production of “ATP”
i. ATP molecule of energy
cell battery pack
ii. Trivia: use 1 billion ATP’s / 2 minutes

12. Organelle: The Mitochondria
3. Structure
a. overall appearance: kidney bean shape
b. two regions of the interior
i. matrix: inner fluid
ii. cristae: inner folded membrane

13. Diagram of mitochondria

14. TEM of Mitochondria

15. Organelle: Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. Prefix / Suffix Time
a. endo means: inside
b. plasma means: fluid
c. reticulate means: repeated patterns
2. Two word definition
a. transport and storage
3. Function
a. transports and stores proteins
b. divides cell into compartments

16. Organelle: Endoplasmic Reticulum
4. Two kinds of “ER”
a. rough “ER”: has ribosomes
b. smooth “ER”: has no ribosomes
5. Structure of “ER”
a. network of channel like membranes
b. connectd to the nuclear membrane

17. Diagram of Endoplasmic Reticulum

18. TEM of Endoplasmic Reticulum

19. Organelle: Golgi Apparatus or Complex
1. Mr. Golgi
Camello Golgi discovered the Golgi Apparatus in 1898
Camello Golgi won 1906 Nobel Prize recognition in Medicine for his work on cells
2. Two Word Definition
a. cell packaging center
b. modifies protein vesicles made in rough “ER”
c. makes lysosomes

20. Organelle: Golgi Apparatus or Complex
3. Function
a. modifies protein vesicles made in rough “ER” these vesicles will leave the cell
b. makes lysosomes
4. Structure
a. Flattened stack of membranes “ a pancake stack”

21. The Golgi Apparatus

22. TEM of Golgi Complex

23. Organelle: Lysosomes
1. Two Word Definition
a.”suicide sacs”
2. Function
a. contain enzymes used to destroy material inside and outside the cell
3. Structure
a. membrane sack filled with hydrolytic enzymes
b. made by the Golgi Complex

24. The Formation of Lysosomes by Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes is pinched off the Golgi and begins journey to cell membrane

25. Organelle: Ribosomes
1. Two Word Definition
a. protein synthesis
2. Function
a. site of the construction of proteins
3. Structure
a. made of ribosomal RNA ( nucleic acid )
b. two locations
i. free ribosomes or “floaters”
ii. ribosomes connected to rough “ER”

26. TEM of ribosomes: free ribosomes in cytoplasm
Ribosome Structure
Ribosome structure: made of two subunits

27. Organelle: Chromosomes
1. Two Word Definition
a. Heredity information, genetic mailman
2. Function
a. code for all the organisms’ traits
3. Structure
a. composed of DNA and proteins
b. when cell is at rest, DNA is known as chromatin

28. Organelle: Chromosomes TEM

29. Organelle: Cilia and Flagella
1. Two Word Definition
a. Cilia: short / fast movement
b. Flagella: long / slow movement
2. Structure
a. Cilia: short hair-like structures
9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
cilia in trachea

30. biological motor in bacteria
Organelle: Cilia and Flagella
2. Structure ( con’t)
b. Flagella: long hair-like structures
biological motor in bacteria

31. Organelle: Centrioles
1. Two Word Defintion
a. cell division
b. makes spindle fibers
2. Structure
a. Made of microtubules of contractile proteins
b. Tubules organized in a 9 x 3 arrangement
c. Centrioles located at right angles to each other outside the nucleus

32. Organelle: Centrioles
3. Function
a. Centrioles produce spindle fibers during cell division
i. As cell division begins centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
ii. Once positioned centrioles will produce spindle fibers

33. Organelle: Chloroplast
1. Two Word Defintion
a. Photosynthesis
2. Function
a. Site of photosynthetic reactions
b. Conversion of light energy into chemical energy
3. Structure
a. similar appearance to mitochondria
b. two main regions
i. stroma: fluid
ii. grana: stacks of chlorophyll discs

34. Organelle: Chloroplast
3. Structure
Chlorophyll storage
Fluid environment

35. Organelle: Chloroplast
4. Relation of structure to function
Sunlight energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll

36. Organelle: Plastids / chromoplast, leucoplast, chloroplast
A. Chromoplast (plants only)
1. Two word definition: color storage or color bodies
2. Structure
a. Membrane sacks filled with non-green pigments in plants
3. Function
a. Coloration of flowers, fruit and leaves
B. Leucoplast (plants only)
1. Two word definition: starch storage (function)
2. Structure: membrane sack filled with starch

37. One cell organisms “stomach”
Organelle: Vacuole
A. Two word definition
1. Water / food storage
Function of water vacuole in plants is to provide tugor pressure which keeps plants upright
One cell organisms “stomach”

38. Cells: Two Kinds Eu: true Karyon: nucleus pro: first Karyon: nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
1. Generally larger
1. Very small cell size
2. Contain a defined nucleus
2. No defined nucleus
3. Contain membrane bound organelles
3. No membrane bound organelles
4. Found in kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi
4. Found only in the kingdom Monera: bacteria and blue green algae

39. Cells: organization Unicellular organisms Multi-cellular Colonies
Groups of cells
Little cell specialization
high cell specialization

40. Cells: multi-cellular organization
tissues
organs
systems

41. Organism