1. World War I

2. Long Term Causes 1) Militarism 2) Alliances Allies: France, GB, Russia
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
3) Imperialism
4) Nationalism

4. Immediate Cause
Austrian Archduke (Franz Ferdinand) assassinated by a Serb
June 28, 1914

5. Fighting Starts July 28, 1914: A-H declares war on Serbia
Alliance system pulled other countries into war
Germans advancing quickly to the east and west
Trench warfare begins
“no man’s land”
led to 2 year stalemate

8. US Neutrality
Opposition to war
Sympathy for Allies

9. Neutrality Tested British and German blockades hurt US trade
German U-boats
Lusitania
Sussex pledge
Zimmerman Note
German attempt to get Mexican support
Germany would help get Mexico it’s land back

10. US Goes to War German submarine warfare resumes
April 6, US declares war on Germany

11. America Mobilizes Selective Service Act (draft)
Increased military production
Breaking the blockade- convoy system

12. US in Battle Main contribution: freshness and enthusiasm
Filled in the gaps on the front lines
American Expeditionary Force (AEF) led by Pershing
Commander of ALL Allied forces- Ferdinand Foch

13. Tide Turns 1917: Russian Revolution (Russia w/drew from war)
By 1918 Germany was advancing into France
Stopped Germany: Battles of Chateau-Thierry/Belleau Wood
Started pushing the Germans back into Germany

14. Characteristics of War
New Weapons
Big Bertha (cannon)
Zeppelin (gas-filled airship)
Poison gas, tank, airplane
Hazards
Dirty conditions
Lack of sleep
Trench foot/trench mouth

17. End of Germany German soldiers tired of fighting
Mutiny spread throughout Germany & Kaiser forced out

18. Final Toll Involved 60 nations 22 million killed

19. Industrial Changes War Industries Board (WIB) Railroad Industry
Led by Bernard Baruch
Set production quotas and allocated raw materials
Railroad Industry
Fuel Administration
Rationed gas
Daylight savings time

20. Cont. National War Labor Board Food Administration
Settled labor disputes
Food Administration
Led by H. Hoover
Encouraged conservation (ration books)
Victory gardens

21. Getting Support Raising money (income taxes and bonds)
Getting public support (Committee on Public Information)

22. Attacks on Civil Rights
Anti-immigration hysteria (towards Germans)
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Jail time and fines for dodging
draft, obstruction of selling
bonds, saying anything
disloyal about the US

23. Social Changes
The Great Migration (African Americans moving north for jobs)
Women (jobs and 19th amendment)
Flu epidemic

24. Peace Conference Versailles, France Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Eliminate general causes of war
League of Nations
Rejected by Allies (felt it was too nice)

25. Treaty of Versailles Created new nations Punished Germany
Dismantled military
Lost territory
Had to pay for war
Accept blame for war
League of Nations (international peacekeeping org)
New Nations
Poland, Yugoslavia, Finland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Czechoslovakia

27. Weaknesses of the Treaty
Humiliated Germany
Russia felt ignored and lost territory
Unstable colonies

28. American Opposition Too harsh Didn’t like the League
Wilson went to the people for support but suffered a stroke
US signed separate treaty with Germany