1. PRESENT PERFECT
- Descreve uma ação iniciada no passado e que continua no presente.
I have talked to him lately.
( Conversei e vou continuar conversando com ele.)
- Descreve uma ação acontecida no passado sem tempo definido.
I have seen that movie a lot of times.

2. SIMPLE PAST X PRESENT PERFECT
She wrote to him last week.
a ação começou e terminou no passado
tempo definido (last week)

3. I have traveled last year. X I have traveled a lot. √
I traveled a lot last year. √

4. I have gone to the market.
CONTRACTIONS
I have gone to the market.
I’ve gone to the market.
She has been busy.
She’s been busy.

5. Advérbios usados com o Present Perfect
ALWAYS
NEVER
EVER
ALREADY
JUST
YET
LATELY

6. always = sempre You have always been on my mind.

7. Never = nunca She has never forgotten you.

8. EVER Ever = já, alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas.
Have you ever traveled abroad?
EVER

9. ALREADY - Already = já They have already found their books.
Have you already traveled to Europe?
Have you traveled to Europe already ?

10. JUST Expressa uma ação que acabou de acontecer.
I have just arrived from school.
(Eu acabei de chegar da escola.)
JUST

11. HAVE YOU ANSWERED YOUR E-MAILS YET ?
YET = JÁ
USADO EM PERGUNTAS , SEMPRE NO FINAL
HAVE YOU ANSWERED YOUR S YET ?
USADO EM FRASES NEGATIVAS.
I HAVEN’T DONE IT YET.
NOT YET = AINDA NÃO

12. I HAVEN’T SEEN YOU LATELY.
LATELY = ULTIMAMENTE
I HAVEN’T SEEN YOU LATELY.

13. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
ALWAYS → He has always been a nice guy.
ALREADY → I’ve already fixed the TV.
JUST → They have just arrived.
LATELY → I’ve talked to him lately.

14. NEGATIVE SENTENCES NEVER → I’ve never been there.
YET → I haven’t finished this yet.
LATELY → I havent’t seen you lately!

15. QUESTIONS EVER → Have you ever seen the rain?
ALREADY → Has he already come?
Has he come already ?
YET → Have you done it yet?
LATELY → Have you talked to him lately?

16. SINCE / FOR SINCE = desde (data definida no passado)
She has worked as a teacher since 1998.
FOR = por (período de tempo)
She has worked as a teacher for 10 years.

17. ATTENTION!!! She has worked as a teacher for ten years.
(She still works as a teacher.)
She worked as a teacher for tem years.
(She doesn’t work anymore)

18. EXERCISES What (have you done / did you do) lately?
Last night, I (have seen / saw) an accident.
I (have written / wrote) three books since 2005.
It (has rained /rained) a lot since Monday.
Where (have you gone / did you go) yesterday?