1. Student Research Documents for Horses
Use the information on the following Primary Source Documents to complete your Animal Heroes Graphic Organizer on HORSES.

2. 12-horse team pulling heavy artillery
Horse Document # 1
12-horse team pulling heavy artillery
“Between 1914 and 1918, the two sides in the First World War fought from trenches dug into the ground a short distance from each other. The land between them, know as No Man’s land, was filled with barbed wire and other lethal traps.
Horses were unable to charge over such terrain. They also stood no chance against new weapons such as machine guns and grenades. But they were still put to work, hauling supplies to the front lines where the soldiers were fighting.” (George, Jones, Charman, & Kelly, p. 14)
Source: War of the Nations, New York Times Co., New York, 1919
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Text Source: George, I., Jones, R.l., Charman, T.C., & Kelly, A. (2006).Animals at war. London: Usborne.

3. Austrian field gun drawn by horses
Horse Document # 2
Austrian field gun drawn by horses
“Only teams of horses or mules could get the ammunition and supplies up to the front, and if the line advanced or retreated a mile or two, only they could lug the guns into their new positions.” (Cooper, p. 42)
Source: New York Times, 05/16/1915
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Text Source: Cooper, J. (1983). Animals in war. London: Heinemann.

4. Members of the Royal Scots Greys near Brimeux, France in 1918
Horse Document # 3
Members of the Royal Scots Greys near Brimeux, France in 1918
“Whether pulling chariots, transporting equipment or carrying people to battle, the horse has seen more action in wars than any other animal; in fact, the earliest equine training manual dates back to 1350 B.C. By the outbreak of World War I, advances in military technology meant that conditions on the front were often more dangerous for horses than for humans. In just one day during the 1916 Battle of Verdun in France, for instance, some 7,000 horses were killed.”
Source: Published: December 22, 2011 By: HISTORY.COM STAFF
War Animals From Horses to Glowworms: 7 Incredible Facts
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5. Horse Document # 4
American air-borne troops use horse and carriage to transport themselves in pursuit of Axis Forces in Sicily, Italy, on July 29, 1943 during World War II. (AP Photo/British Official Photo)
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6. French train horses crossing a river on their way to Verdun, France.
Horse Document #5
French train horses crossing a river on their way to Verdun, France.
Source: Wikipedia
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7. Horse Document #6
Bystanders render the Nazi salute as German cavalry troops on horseback enter Lodz, Poland. Sept. 9, (AP Photo) # 35
Source: DenverPost.com
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8.   Horse Document #7
During World War I, private owners were asked to donate their family pets for the war. Three children write to the War Office.
Poppy, Lionel, and Freda Hewlett wrote on 11 August 1914:
‘Dear Lord Kitchener,
We are writing for our pony, which we are very afraid may be taken for your army. Please spare her. Daddy says she is going to be a mother early next year, and is 17 years old. It would break our hearts to let her go. We have given 2 others and 3 of our family are now fighting for you in the Navy. Mother and all will do anything for you, but do please let us keep old Betty, and send official word quickly before anyone comes.
Your troubled little Britishers
P., L. and Freda Hewlett’

9. Kitchener’s private secretary wrote back:
‘F.M. Lord Kitcherner has decided that no horses under 15 hands shall be requisitioned from the British family: P,. L. and Freda Hewlett.’
Source: Linton, Deborah. (2012, February 4). A real war horse: A young Wigan girl's heart-felt plea to Lord Kitchener to save her pony from First World War. Manchester Evening News. Retrieved from