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Published byAngela Hopkins Modified over 7 years ago
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Filtration Barrier Lamina rara externa Lamina densa
Lamina rara interna
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Glomerular Filtration
Filtering of blood in the renal corpuscle Glomerular filtrate – fluid that seeps from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s space
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Renal Tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle
Thick descending limb Thin descending and ascending limbs Thick ascending limb Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubules and ducts
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule Distal Convoluted Tubule
Renal Tubule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Epithelium Simple cuboidal Thick descending limb: simple cuboidal Thin limb: simple squamous Thick ascending: simple cuboidal Function Reabsorb 70-80% of H2O and sodium Reabsorb glucose, AA, chloride H2O reabsorption except: Thick ascending: impermeable to water, NaCl reabsorption Secretes potassium and hydrogen Small H2O and Na reabsorption
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Types of Nephrons Short-looped (cortical) - majority
Renal corpuscles located in outer portions of cortex Short Henle’s loop (no thin ascending limb) Long-looped (juxtamedullary) Renal corpuscles are near the corticomedullary junction Long Henle’s loop (go deep into medulla, have thin ascending limb)
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Microscopic structure in the kidney which regulates the function of each nephron Found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning DCT of the same nephron Function: regulates filtrate formation and systemic BP
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
3 cells: Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangial cells Macula densa cells - area of closely packed specialized columnar cells lining the wall of the distal tubule Sense changes in solute concentration and flow rate of filtrate
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BLADDER AND URINARY PASSAGES
Renal calyces Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary bladder Same histologic structure Walls of ureter becoming gradually thicker as proximity to the bladder increases
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BLADDER AND URINARY PASSAGES
Function: Store the urine formed in the kidneys and conduct it to the exterior
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BLADDER AND URINARY PASSAGES
Mucosa: Transitional epithelium Lamina propria: loose to dense CT Muscular layer – OCIL Adventitia or serosa Only upper part of bladder covered by peritoneum
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URETHRA Terminal portion of the urinary system Function:
Passageway for urine Males: passageway for urine and sperms
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Male Urethra 20 cm in length 3 segments:
Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra (penile, cavernous) Terminates in the external urethral orifice (meatus)
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Male Urethra Prostatic Membranous Penile Length and location 3-4 cm
Traverses the prostate gland 1 cm Traverses the sphincter urethrae muscle 15 cm Traverses the penis Lining epithelium Transitional Pseudostratified columnar EUM: Stratified squamous non-keratinized Glands Urethral glands of Littre (lamina propria) Bulbourethral glands of Cowper (embedded in the sphincter urethrae muscle) Bulbourethral glands of Cowper
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Female Urethra Shorter (4 cm)
Closely attached to anterior wall of vagina Opens directly in front of the vaginal opening on the vestibule of the external genitalia
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Female Urethra
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Female Urethra Mucosa Transitional → stratified squamous non-keratinized Lamina propria: loose CT, mucus-secreting urethral glands Muscular layer: circularly arranged smooth muscle cells
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Female Urethra Distal segment is surrounded by circularly-arranged striated (voluntary) muscle fibers (sphincter urethrae muscle – external sphincter)
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