1. Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
Lesson 1
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

2. Tropical storms Hurricane (the North Atlantic Ocean ):
An extremely violent tropical storm, attaining speed greater than 75 miles per hour.
Use girls’ names to identify hurricanes in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico since 1953.
The names were given in alphabetical order.
This practice of giving girls’ name to hurricanes changed recently.
In 1980 a hurricane was given a man’s name (Hurricane David)
Hurricane season begins June 1 and ends Nov. 30.

3. E.C. S.
S.C.S
Gulf of Mexico

5. Hurricane Camille
Hurricane Camille: The storm lashed Mississippi and Louisiana for two days, Aug.17-18,1969. The death toll was 258 and billions of dollars in damage.
winds: 190 mph

6. Apartment building in Pass Christian, Mississippi before and after Camille.

7. town center after Hurricane Camille in August 1969

8. Tropical storms
typhoon: a very violent tropical storm which occurs over the West Pacific Ocean and China seas. Typhoons are given serial numbers.
cyclone: a violent tropical storm in which the air goes round and round , which occurs over the Indian Ocean.（旋风，龙卷风）
tornado: a violent wind storm consisting of tall column of air which spins round very fast and causes a lot of damage （陆龙卷）
Tsunami/tsu’nɑːmi/ : A very large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.

9. What’s the type of the story?
narration (The telling of a story)
Characters (people) and conflict/struggle:
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane

10. What is the story about?
It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.

11. What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
The story focuses mainly on action, but the writer also clearly and sympathetically delineate(描绘）the characters in the story.

12. How did the author present the event?
The event is presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings.

13. Actions / plot / events / incidents:
in order of their occurrence (chronological order: following the natural time sequence of the happenings).

14. General pattern of narration:
introduction
(time, place, characters, background);
development (suspense, tension)
climax
conclusion (denouement)

15. Where is the climax of the event? Para. 27
Why do you think so?
Because from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion.

16. What’s the theme (the idea / purpose behind the story) of the story?
“We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.”
The most important thing is the spirit fighting against the difficulties which could never be taken away.
Human lives are important and not material possessions

17. How does the author make the narration so vivid, forceful and impressive?
Careful choice of words
Effective use of verbs
Rhetorical devices
Many elliptical and short simple sentences.
( heighten tension, help to create a sense of danger and urgency)

18. Organization of the text
Part I(para.1-6): preparation for the hurricane
(introductory paragraphs: the time, place and background of the conflict---man versus hurricanes)
Part II(para.7-27): the process of the John Koshaks’ brave fighting against the hurricane
Part III(para.28-35): the problems brought by the hurricane were solved gradually by the organizations and the people themselves
Part IV(para.36-39): though there was somewhat psychological damage brought by the hurricane, Koshak’s family valued their life more than before the hurricane

19. demolish
collapse
crumble
devastate
damage
smash apart
disintegrate

20. A Detailed Study of the Text

21. the title: face to face Confronting one another
The confrontation is generally with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve.
Face to face with the enemy
Face to face with the tiger
Face to face with the problem

22. The news brings him face to face with the truth about his daughter’s disappearance.
This was the first time I’d ever come face to face with poverty.
Meet sb face to face: I’ve never met him face to face. We only chatted at times on QQ.

23. What do you think of the title?
It is succinct and presents the article as vividly and forcefully as possible to attract the attention of readers. The phrase “face to face” connotes a sense of urgency and danger. The would-be readers would not control themselves to finish reading it in a breath.

24. Part 1 Para. 1 Does the first paragraph have a topic sentence?
(First sentence)
How is the paragraph developed?
(facts and reasons)( to show how he knew that the hurricane would be bad.)
What is the function of the last sentence?
(introduction of some other characters and transition to the most important point---why he decided not abandon his home)

25. Why was John reluctant to abandon his home?

26. How did the family prepare for the hurricane?
talked with parents and consulted his friend having rich experience in hurricane
analyzed the situation (business, house location)
the father’s reaction
Preparations
background

27. Demolish They have demolished the slum district. 贫民区已被拆除。
Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument.
她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点。

28. A good At least; full We waited a good six hours.
Tom is a good 50 years younger than Mike.

29. Batten down and ride it out
batten down the hatches 封舱
(船只)在暴雨前作好准备
1 to fasten the entrances to the lower part of a ship using wooden boards
2 prepare for a difficult situation:
When you're coming down with flu all you can do is batten down the hatches and wait for it to pass.
Compare the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea.
We can make the necessary preparations…

30. Ride it out ride (out) the storm
to manage not to be destroyed, harmed or permanently affected by the difficult situation you experience:
The government seem confident that they'll ride out the storm.
安然度过困难
ride sth out
to come out of a difficult situation without being badly affected by it:
• The company managed to ride out the scandal.
We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.

31. Sit out sit sth out (SITUATION)
to wait for an unpleasant situation or event to finish, without leaving or taking some other action:
to stay until the end of
停留直到…的结束
The government is prepared to sit out the strike rather than agree to union demands
sit sth out (ACTIVITY) phrasal verb [M]
to not take part in a physical activity such as a dance or a game, because you are tired or injured:袖手旁观, 坐到结束
To refrain from taking part in:
不加入：躲在一旁不参加：
sit out a dance.
不跳舞
I'm feeling rather tired, so I think I'll sit out the next dance.

32. Come by come by (somewhere) (VISIT) phrasal verb
to visit a place for a short time, often when you are going somewhere else:
I'll come by (the office/your house) one day this week and we can have a chat.
To gain possession of; acquire:
占有；取得：
Mortgages are hard to come by.
抵押难以获得

33. Part 2
How did the author describe the heavy rain, the strong wind and the terrible hurricane? Can we feel, hear or touch the wind, the rain, the sea water or the hurricane?
Can we feel, hear or touch the damage of the house ?
Find the words, phrases, or sentences describing the damage of the house, such as the ceilings (roof), doors and walls.

34. Part 2 Para. 7 A description of the wind and rain
wind and rain whipped the house
glass flying from storm-shattered panes
the wind mounted to a roar
The rain seemingly driven right through the walls
the house began leaking
rapidly spreading water
power failure

35. Mount to gradually increase, rise, or get bigger:
The children's excitement is mounting as Christmas gets nearer.
Mounting:gradually increasing:
mounting anxiety/excitement
mounting debts
to fix something on a wall, in a frame etc., so that it can be viewed or used:
The children's work has been mounted on cards and put up on the walls of the classroom.
The CCTV camera is mounted above the main door.

36. Concerned
Concerned about
Concerned with

37. shatter
to break suddenly into very small pieces, or to make something break in this way shatter into 　The plate hit the floor, and shattered into tiny bits. 　The explosion shattered the building. to completely destroy someone's hopes, beliefs, or confidence 　Their hopes and dreams were shattered by war. 　A few weeks in a tiny damp room soon shattered his illusions about university life.

38. Para.8 A description of the wind (general→particular) Sound:
The roar of the hurricane now was overwhelming;
explosive sound;
gun-like reports（噼啪声）
Effect
House shook
Ceiling fell piece by piece
Windows disintegrated

39. Report report (NOISE) formal the loud noise of a shot:
the noise of an explosion or gun shot
We heard the loud/sharp report of a rifle.

40. Disintegrate
1. to become weaker or be destroyed by breaking into small pieces:
The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the Earth's atmosphere.
The Ottoman Empire disintegrated into lots of small states.
2. to become much worse:
The situation disintegrated into chaos.
3. to become weaker and be gradually destroyed:
• Pam kept the kids when the marriage disintegrated.

41. French door French door:(especially AmE) = FRENCH WINDOW
最早起源于欧式建筑中一种门体的设计风格，是指非常优美气左右对开、中间无梁的两扇门体

42. Para.9 The force of water & their urgent situation
How forceful was the water?
a blast of water hit the house
flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall
What water was it?
Why did Charlie think they were in real trouble when he found the water tasted salty?
Effect: the generator was doused（浸在水里); the lights went out

43. Curl up curl up (POSITION) phrasal verb
to sit or lie in a position with your arms and legs close to your body:
She curled up on the sofa to watch TV.

44. Para. 13 the mixed force of wind and water:
the wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away
the house shuddered （震颤，抖动）and shifted on its foundations
…first-floor outside walls collapsed.

45. Para Responsibility
to take / admit / accept / bear responsibility for sth. 负起对（做）某事的责任；承认 / 接受 / 对…负有责任
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack.
The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
British Rail has admitted responsibility for the accident.
to take responsibility of doing sth.

46. Questions for part 2
Why did Grandma say to Grandpa in danger “I love you”? Para. 16
Why did John feel a crushing guilt? Para.17

47. Para. 18
Swipe
Lift
Skim
Break apart
crumble

48. Part Two
Why did the writer arrange two paragraphs describing hurricane in some other places? Para

49. Para. 19 The ferocity of the hurricane devastate
to destroy a place or thing completely or cause great damage
to damage a place very badly:
• Bombing raids devastated the city of Dresden.
devastation
to make someone feel very shocked and upset
devastated
extremely sad and shocked:
• Ellen was devastated when we told her what had happened.

50. m. p. h : miles per hour
m. p. g : miles per gallon
r. p. m : revolutions per minute
g. p. m : gallons per minute
f. p. s : feet per second

51. vantage point
a place, especially a high place, which provides a good clear view of an area
vantage point 有利位置,优越地位,优势
From our lofty vantage point, we could see the city spread out below us.

52. A hurricane party…vantage point
The people in the Richelieu Apartments held a party to enjoy the unusual and impressive spectacle of the hurricane because the apartment provided an unusually clear and broad view of the storm.
…从他们所居的有利位置观赏飓风的壮观景象。

53. with: as the result of, because of
With the staff greatly reduced, they had to stop work.
With the flood water rising rapidly, the residents on the banks of the river were evacuated.
He was faint with hunger.

54. give way: if one thing gives way to another, the first thing is replaced by the second
The last houses give way to soybean fields.
give way to pressure 在压力下让步
give way to a burst of weeping 忍不住大哭起来

55. A review
The hurricane
Lash; pummel; scud; whip; storm-shattered; hit; fling; shove; lap; swipe; lift; skim; shoot out winds…raise tides; seize; dump; tear; crack; snap;
Wind &rain: the rising wind; mounted to a roar; rapidly spreading water; the roar…overwhelming; …like the roar of…; slashing rain;
Destruction
Demolish; bother; damage; disintegrate; collapse; crumble; devastate; wipe out
Sound (+)action: explosive sound; gun-like reports; crack; snap; smash

56. to strew sth. some where, or to strew a place with things, means to scatter them there
to scatter things untidily over a surface, or to be scattered untidily over a surface:
Wine bottles and dirty dishes were strewn across the lawn.
Her clothes lay strewn on the floor.
小路上落叶满地。
The lane is strewn with fallen leaves.
strew rumors 散布谣言
strew seeds in the field 在田里播种

57. festoon
If something is festooned with, for example, lights, balloons, or flowers, large numbers of these things are hung from it or wrapped around it, especially in order to decorate it.
The temples are festooned with lights.
The streets were festooned with flags.
VERB: usu. passive, be V-ed with/in n
= bedeck(装饰, 修饰, 使美丽)
Festoon N. a decorative chain made of colored paper, flowers, etc. hung in a curve between two points

58. Para. 30 What organizations came to the aid of the devastated place?
Why did the author mention ‘before dawn’ and ‘by 10 a.m.?
To show how rapidly the rehabilitation/relief work was carried out.

59. Para. 30/ 31
How rapidly and efficiently relief and rehabilitation work was carried in the U.S.?
Deep concern for the stricken people shown by the different strata of American society from the federal government to individual volunteers.

60. pitch in
INFORMAL
to start to do something as part of a group, especially something helpful:
If we all pitch in together, it shouldn't take too long.
[+ to infinitive] When I bought this house, all my friends pitched in to help fix it up.
My brother pitched in with an offer of transport.
After we had seen the video everyone started pitching in with comments on its faults.

61. Seabee
Members of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the United States Navy. Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion

62. Janis had just one delayed reaction
Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.

63. Exercise IV 1. We’re 23 feet above sea level.
2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.
3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.
4. water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights went out.
5. everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars

64. 6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.
7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilty because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.
8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.
9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.
10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.

65. Exercise VII pp.12-13
Destroy: is a general word with few overtones beyond its emphasis on force and thoroughness.
Demolish and raze are generally applied to big or substantial things, such as buildings or other edifices. A building is demolished if smashed to pieces and razed if levelled to the ground.
Demolish is often used figuratively of the reduction of any complex whole to ruins.

66. Exercise VII pp.12-13
E.g. To demolish a theory with a few incisive comment.
Raze is used almost invariably of buildings or their remains
E.g. to raze the upright timbers left in the aftermath of the fire.
Annihilate is the most extreme word in this list, and literally means to reduce to nothingness( 化为乌有). As more commonly used, however, it denotes a severe degree of damage to a thing or person. An army may annihilate an enemy force by so damaging it as to render it incapable of further offensive or defensive action, but without literally removing all traces of its existence.
A debater may be said to annihilate his opponent if he defeats him decisively.( 彻底驳倒对手）

67. Exercise VII pp.12-13
Decay implies gradual, often natural, deterioration from a normal or sound condition. e.g.
His teeth have begun to decay.
rot refers to the decay of organic, esp. vegetable, matter caused by bacteria, fungi, etc.(因有机物质） e. g.
Rotting apples

68. Exercise VII pp.12-13
Spoil is the common informal word for the decay of foods(常指食物变质）.e.g.
Fish spoils quickly in summer.
Molder suggests a slow, progressive, crumbling decay. (物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽). E.g.
Old buildings molder away.

69. Exercise VII pp.12-13
Disintegrate implies the breaking of something into parts or fragments so that the wholeness of the original is destroyed. E.g.
Rocks disintegrated by frost and rain.
Decompose suggests the breaking up or separation of something into its component elements(分解）e.g.
Water can be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen.
It is also a somewhat euphemistic substitute for rot.

70. Exercise VIII
1. television=[tele+vision], a combining form ‘tele-’ plus a noun ‘vision’. Further examples: telecast, telecommunication, telecourse, telegram, telegraph, telemeter, telephone, teleplay, telescope, etc.
2.northwestward=[north+west+ward] or [northwest+ward],’-ward’ a suffix meaning in a (specific) direction or course. Further examples: seaward, windward, homeward,eastward,backward,inward,outward,upward,etc.

71. 3.motel = [mo (torist) +(ho) tel ], a blend or portmanteau word formed by combining parts of other wards. Further examples: smog [sm (oke) +(f) og ], fsmaze [sm (oke) + (h) aze], brunch [br (eakfast) + (l) unch], galumph [gal (lop) + (tri) umph], moped [mo (tor) + ped (al)
] etc.
4.bathtub = [bath + tub,] a compound word formed by combining two nouns. Further examples: bathrobe, bathhouse, bedroom, roommate, bookcase, headband, housmaid, housekeeper, housefly, lawbook, etc.

72. 5.returnees = [return + ees], a verb plus a noun forming suffix ‘-ee’ designating a person in a specified condition. Further examples: employee, refugee, divorcee, consignee, examinee, mortagee, nominee, internee, excapee, lessee, etc.