1. The Topic: Electrical Machines
The most prime governing thing that holds for the existence of mankind and the universe and beyond is Energy. From the dark ages, Humans have been trying to develop means and methods to produce energy and then to transform it into another usable form. Even today, our lives are based on Energy. Energy today is now available in many forms for different uses. The most significant type of Energy that has affected our lives in a huge way is the electrical energy. Just turn around your face and you will see electrical devices everywhere around you. Electricity or the popular name for electrical energy as we call it has transformed our lives in a significant way; it has made our lives quite easy and comfortable. 
HOW IS ELECTRICITY PRODUCED?
Electricity (the inevitable thing) is produced by different types of Electric Machines and that too in different forms. The electricity that reaches our home is not a novice task; many genius minds and lots of complex and bulky electric machines are involved behind it. Then an electric machine is not only used for generation purpose it can also be used as a source of mechanical energy that is motor may it be a juicer mixer in your kitchen or the conveyer belt system in large manufacturing plants. So in the next section we will try to explain briefly about basic principle of electric machines and their types.

2. The Topic: Electrical Machines
What is an electrical machine?
What are their principles of operation, construction?
What are they used for?
What are their types?

3. What is an electrical machine?
An electrical machine converts energy from one category into another. Thereby at least one energy category
features as electric power.
They all comprise two electric circuits which have been coupled through a magnetic circuit.
An electrical machine is an energy converter in which two electric circuits have been coupled by means of a magnetic circuit.

4. Figure: Tasks of electrical machines in power flow
Going through the basic fundamentals about principle, construction and operation of electric machines
Figure: Tasks of electrical machines in power flow

5. What are the principals of operation of electrical machines?
Magnetic fields are the fundamental mechanism by which energy is converted from one form to another in motors, generators and transformers.
Two related physical principles underline the operation of generators and motors.
The electromagnetic induction
The electromagnetic reaction
discovered by Michael Faraday
in 1831
discovered by André’ Ampere
in 1820
If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, or if the strength of a stationary conducting loop is made to vary, a current is set up or induced in the conductor.
If a current is passed through a conductor located in a magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it.

6. Functional block diagram of electromechanical energy conversion devices as (A) motor, and (B) generator

7. Vocabulary:
feature – особенность, характерная черта converter – преобразователь, конвертер commutator – коллектор armature – якорь to suggest – предлагать, предложить ring – кольцо, фланец, хомут bar – полоса (металла) to pull – тянуть, притягивать to switch – включать, выключать, переключать drive – передача, привод design – конструкция, чертёж, план, to power – снабжать энергией, to differ – различаться, отличаться to rotate – 1. вращаться; 2. чередоваться to create – творить, создавать

8. Motors and generators’ structure
Motors, Generators
The Armature
a laminated soft-iron core
around which conducting wires
are wound in coils
the electromagnet
with its coils
The Field

9. The Armature from a small DC fan motor
A simple electromagnet consisting of a coil of insulated wire wrapped around an iron core
The Armature  from a small DC fan motor

10. Electrical Machines Bearers of electric circuits to one another rigid
flexible
Stationary electrical machines
Rotating electrical machines
synchronous
transformers
asynchronous
commutators
DC Machines
Single-phase
Three-phase

11. What are these?

12. The subject: Transformers
Lesson Tasks:
To check up our homework;
To get information about transformers;
to find out what is a transformer;
to learn about it’s construction;
to know about the types of transformers;

13. Warming-up Column A Column B armature
a device consisting of a core of magnetic material such as iron
electromagnet
a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
commutator
the rotating part of a generator or motor
rotor
a laminated soft-iron core
conductor
a device for reversing the direction of a current
motor
a device that converts alternating current to direct current
generator
a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
converter
a material allowing the flow of electric current
induction
the movement of an electric charge in a conductor
current
the excitation of the electric current in a conductor

14. Checking-up the h/w / Giving marks
Number of mistakes
Mark
0-3
Very Good
4-7
Good
8-15
Satisfactory
16, ˂ 16
Bad

15. Checking-up the Home work / Keys
Column A
Column B
1) electromagnetic
2) rotating
3) alternating
4) electrical
5) high
6) magnetic
basic
energy
insulated
conducting
induction
part
current
machine
voltage
field
principle
converter
coil
wires
Column A
Column B
1) electromagnetic
2) rotating
3) alternating
4) electrical
5) high
6) magnetic
basic
energy
insulated
conducting
induction
part
current
machine
voltage
field
principle
converter
coil
wires

16. Checking-up the h/w / Giving marks
Number of mistakes
Mark
0-3
Very Good
4-7
Good
8-15
Satisfactory
16, ˂ 16
Bad

17. Text working “Transformers”
Vocabulary:
winding [‘waɪndɪŋ]
primary / secondary winding
turn
frequency [‘fri:kwənsɪ]
open
trouble (common trouble)
short
core
to step up
to step down
to increase
to decrease
to substitute
due to
обмотка
первичная / вторичная обмотка
виток
частота
обрыв
неисправность, (возможная неполадка)
короткое замыкание
сердечник
повышать
понижать
увеличивать
уменьшать
заменить
благодаря, из-за

18. What types of transformers are described in the text?
Transformers’ Types
What types of transformers are described in the text?

19. What is the work principle of a step-up transformer ?

20. What is the work principle of a step-down transformer ?

21. What is the work principle of an air-core transformer ?

22. What is the work principle of an iron-core transformer ?

23. The subject: Transformers
Lesson Tasks:
To check up our homework;
To get information about transformers;
to find out what is a transformer;
to learn about it’s construction;
to know about the types of transformers;

24. Transformers’ Application
1. Distribution transformers are generally used in power distribution and transmission systems.
2. Power transformers are used in electronic circuits and come in many different types and applications.
3. Control transformers are generally used in circuits that require constant voltage or constant current with a low power or volt-amp rating.
4. Auto transformers are generally used in low power applications where a variable voltage is required.
5. Isolation transformers are normally low power transformers used to isolate noise from or to ground electronic circuits.
6. Instrument potential and instrument current transformers are used for operation of instruments such as ammeters, voltmeters, watt meters, and relays used for various protective purposes.

25. Transformers’ Application

26. Complex Object Complex Object
The Object (a Noun or a Pronoun in an Object case)
The Infinitive
(with or
without to)
The Rest Part of the Sentence
The Subject
The Predicate
Complex Object
She
wants
him
to study
English .
an electrical machine. We
consider
a transformer
to be

27. Complex Object to + The Infinitive The Infinitive
После глаголов: желания
(wish, want, like, would like), предположения (expect, seem, consider, appear, suppose, believe), сообщения/информации (know, think, claim, report, declare, show, find)
После глаголов  физическое восприятия и ощущения 
(notice, see, watch, hear, listen to, observe, feel, ),
а также make и let
to +
The Infinitive
The Object (a Noun or
a Pronoun
in an Object case)
The Subject
The Infinitive
The Object (a Noun or
a Pronoun
in an Object case)

28. The Rest Part of the Sentence
Complex Subject
The Subject
The Predicate
The Infinitive
The Rest Part of the Sentence
Complex Subject
She
Is supposed
to work
at this plant.
The current
Is known
to consist
of moving electrons.

29. Complex Subject to + The Infinitive
Сказуемое-глагол в пассивном залоге: to say, to report, to announce, to believe, to suppose, to think, to state, to expect, to know, to consider, to see, to hear
Сказуемое в активном залоге: to seem, to appear, to prove, to turn out, to happen, to chance.
3) Сказуемое-глагол to be в выражениях:
to be likely, to be unlikely, to be certain, to be sure
to +
The Infinitive
The Subject

30. Complex Object / Complex SubjectWe
suppose
him
to work
at this plant.
Complex Object He
Is supposed
to work
at this plant.
Complex Subject