1. AUTO MAINS DISCONNECTING DC POWER SUPPLY
SUBMITTED BY

2. ABSTRACT
Embedded system requires a regulated power supply. This power supply circuit gives a variable regulated supply and switches off in no load condition.
Through an arrangement of voltage regulator 7805 and a potentiometer the output voltage is varied from 3.7V to 8.7V. Another feature of this power supply is, when no load is there it automatically switches off. It is achieved through an arrangement of transistors and relay.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS POWER SUPPLY BLOCK RELAY BC 547 TRNSISTOR BC 558
IN4007 RECTIFIER DIODE
LED
RESISTORS & CAPACITORS
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

6. BC547 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after that only current will pass from collector to emitter

7. Resistor
Resistor is a two terminal passive electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
Resistors limits or regulate the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Resistors are available in a range of different resistance values which are used as per the requirement.

8. Capacitor
capacitor is a two terminal passive electrical component used to store the electrical energy electrostatically in an electrical field
Capacitors are two types electrolytic and ceramic.
Ceramic capacitors are unpolarized. These capacitors have negligible internal inductance or resistance.
Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and if connected backwards are likely to explode.

9. 1N4007
Diodes are used to convert AC into DC these are used as half wave rectifier or full wave rectifier. Three points must he kept in mind while using any type of diode.

10. The arrow in the PNP transistor symbol is on the emitter leg and points in the direction of the conventional current flow when the device is in forward active mode.

11. RELAY IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH
USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES
COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE

12. LED LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon
When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a byproduct. Normal light bulbs produce light by heating a metal filament until its white hot
LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching

13. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

14. a regulated power supply circuit that though a fixed-voltage regulator U1-LM7805 not only gives a variable but also auto switch off features This is achieved by connecting a potentiometer between common terminal of regulator IC and ground. For every 100-ohm increment in the in-circuit value of the resistance of potentiometer RV1, the output voltage increases by 1 volt.
Thus, the output varies from 3.7V to 8.7V (taking into account 1.3-volt drop across diodes D7 and D8).  Another important feature of the supply is that it switches itself off when no load is connected across its output terminals.
To resume the power again, switch S1 Push button should be pressed momentarily. Higher the value of capacitor C2 more will be the delay in switching off the power supply on disconnection of the load, and vice versa.

15. This is achieved with the help of transistors Q1 and Q2, diodes D7 and D8, and capacitor C2. When a load is connected at the output, potential drop across diodes D7 and D8 (approximately 1.3V) is sufficient for transistors Q2 and Q1 to conduct. As a result, the relay gets energized and remains in that state as long as the load remains connected. At the same time, capacitor C2 gets charged to around 7-8 volt potential through transistor Q2. But when the load( a lamp here in series with S2 ) is disconnected, transistor Q2 is cut off. However, capacitor C2 is still charged and it starts discharging through base of transistor Q1.
After some time (which is basically determined by value of C2), relay RL1 is de-energized, which switches off the mains input to primary of transformer TR1.

16. The Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.

17. THANK ‘Q’