1. CITA 330 Section 3
XHTML

2. Introduction to XHTML Closely resembles HTML 4.01 Designed:
As a replacement for HTML
General purpose, compact language for Web design

3. Introduction to XHTML The W3C approved XHTML 1.0 in January 2000.
First major change to HTML since HTML 4.0 in 1997.
Three more modular XHTML Recommendations have been approved.
Developers can tailor their content to various devices.

4. Introduction to XHTML Advantages of XHTML XHTML resembles HTML
Its coding must meet tougher XML-compliant standards
XHTML is extensible
It is portable and modular
XHTML is backward and future compliant

5. XHTML Variants and DTDs
Variants contain its own family of document types
Strict
Transitional
Frameset
Variant type must be declared the DOCTYPE declaration

6. XHTML Variants and DTDs
The XHTML 1.0 Strict Variant
Designs clean structural markup document
Uses W3C’s Cascading Style Sheet language
Strict DTD contains elements, attributes and components that do not appear in framesets

7. XHTML Variants and DTDs
The XHTML 1.0 Transitional Variant
Commonly used for developing Web pages for the general public to access
Transitional DTD
Includes all in the Strict DTD
Includes deprecated elements and attributes
Include both the <lang> and <xml:lang> elements

8. XHTML Variants and DTDs
The XHTML 1.0 Frameset Variant
Partitions the browser window using frames
Frameset DTD
Includes all in the Transitional DTD and plus frames
Utilizes Frameset element instead of body element

9. Difference between XHTML Syntax and HTML Syntax
XHTML is an application of XML
Requires clean and structured syntax
All elements are nested in the root HTML element
Element names must be lower case
Element must have start and end tags

10. The Prolog and Basic Elements
XML declaration
Document Type declaration
DOCTYPE definition is mandatory

11. The Prolog and Basic Elements
Well-formedness
All elements must be nested in root HTML element
Default namespace (required)
Subelement tags must be in pairs
Elements properly nested in their respective parent element

12. The Prolog and Basic Elements
Element and attribute names must be lowercase
XHTML elements must be properly closed
Requires start and end tags
XHTML does not allow stand-alone attributes

14. XHTML Utilities and Services Provided by W3C
Converting Web Sites to XHTML
W3C’s HTML Validation Service
Free service at W3C’s web site
Choose validation parameters: encoding scheme and document type specification

15. XHTML Utilities and Services Provided by W3C
HTML Tidy
Free downloadable utility for editing HTML
Mistakes are fixed automatically
Converts HTML content into well-formed XML for delivery as XHTML
Available for most platforms

16. XHTML Utilities and Services Provided by W3C
Amaya: W3C’s Editor/Browser
Multipurpose active client
Retrieves documents from the web and presents them to the client
Provides an authoring tool to edit exiting documents and to create new ones
Publishes documents on remote Web servers
Is both a browser and authoring tool