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Chapter 10 Medical Emergencies
EMR 10-1 1-
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Introduction The medical patient verbalizes or appears to have a disease, an illness, or a reaction Most often an EMR will not be able to determine the specific medical condition and may only have a general idea This chapter will provide an overview of various medical conditions; however, the main role of the EMR is to provide critical interventions, trend vital signs, and reassess for any change in the patient’s status EMR 10-2 1-
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Define Focused Assessment
Learning Objective 1 Define Focused Assessment FOCUSED ASSESSMENT Perform all the components of an initial assessment Provide critical interventions if indicated Baseline vitals Secondary or rapid survey Subjective information, objective information, critical thinking skills EMR 10-3
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General care guidelines:
Monitor ABCs Position patient Administer oxygen Monitor vital signs and mental status Provide emotional support Notify EMS of changes
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Describe Respiratory Emergency Care
Learning Objective 2 Describe Respiratory Emergency Care RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES Overview Assessment tools SAMPLE, OPQRST, and pulse oximeter if available Signs and symptoms Progression EMR 10-5
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Describe Respiratory Emergency Care
Learning Objective 2 Describe Respiratory Emergency Care PULMONARY EMBOLISM Overview Blood clot travels to lungs Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions Reassess every 5 minutes EMR 10-6
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Describe Respiratory Emergency Care
Learning Objective 2 Describe Respiratory Emergency Care ASTHMA Overview Chronic condition Narrowing of the airway Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions EMR 10-7
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Describe Respiratory Emergency Care
Learning Objective 2 Describe Respiratory Emergency Care CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) Overview Two main types of COPD Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis Signs and symptoms of emphysema Management Critical interventions EMR 10-8
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Describe Respiratory Emergency Care
Learning Objective 2 Describe Respiratory Emergency Care RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Overview Can be caused by virus or bacteria Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions Allow for position of comfort EMR 10-9
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Describe Respiratory Emergency Care
Learning Objective 2 Describe Respiratory Emergency Care HYPERVENTILATION Overbreathing Breathing faster than normal Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions Do not have patient breathe into bag EMR 10-10
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Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies
Learning Objective 3 Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES Involves heart and blood vessels Causes Cardiovascular and respiratory complications coexist Early recognition and transport are critical EMR 10-11
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Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies
Learning Objective 3 Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Overview Chest pain, or angina pectoris Assessment tools Signs and symptoms Management EMR 10-12
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Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies
Learning Objective 3 Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies CARDIAC ARREST Overview Heart stops beating Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions Ventilations with BVM at 100 percent oxygen EMR 10-13
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Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies
Learning Objective 3 Cardiovascular Medical Emergencies HEART FAILURE Overview Inability to pump enough oxygenated amounts of blood Assessment tools Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions EMR 10-14
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Stroke Assessment and Emergency Care
Learning Objective 4 Stroke Assessment and Emergency Care STROKE Overview Assessment tools Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (FAST) Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions EMR 10-15
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Assessment and Management
Learning Objective 5 Assessment and Management of Allergic Reactions ALLERGIC REACTIONS Overview Assessment tools Mild reaction signs and symptoms Mild reaction management Moderate to severe reaction signs and symptoms Moderate to severe reaction management EMR 10-16
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Diabetes and Two Kinds of
Learning Objective 6 Diabetes and Two Kinds of Complications DIABETES Overview Pancreas function Diabetes mellitus Insulin injections Controlling diabetes Assessment tools EMR 10-17
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Diabetes and Two Kinds of
Learning Objective 6 Diabetes and Two Kinds of Complications HYPOGLYCEMIA Overview Lower than normal blood sugar level Signs and symptoms Management Give sugar if agency allows Do not give diet drinks EMR 10-18
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Diabetes and Two Kinds of
Learning Objective 6 Diabetes and Two Kinds of Complications HYPERGLYCEMIA Overview Higher than normal glucose level Signs and symptoms Management Critical interventions Sugar, sugar drinks, or oral glucose EMR 10-19
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Management of Seizures
Learning Objective 7 Assessment, Types, and Management of Seizures SEIZURES Overview Assessment tools Seizure types and phases Management during a seizure Management after a seizure EMR 10-20
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions ABDOMINAL EMERGENCIES Overview Classifications Visceral, parietal, and referred pain Assessment tools Management EMR 10-21
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM Overview Weakness in wall of aorta Signs and symptoms Abdominal or back pain Radiates to pelvic area EMR 10-22
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Overview Open sore in lining of stomach, duodenum, or esophagus Bleeding ulcer Signs and symptoms EMR 10-23
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions ESOPHAGEAL VARICES Overview Dilated veins in lower esophagus Common cause, severe liver disease Vessels become distended and rupture Signs and symptoms EMR 10-24
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions GASTROENTERITIS Overview Inflammation of lining of stomach and intestine Causes Illnesses causing dehydration Signs and symptoms EMR 10-25
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions BOWEL OBSTRUCTION Overview Narrowing or completely blocked bowel Rupture Causes of bowel obstruction Signs and symptoms EMR 10-26
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions GALLBLADDER DISEASE Overview Causes Gallstones Signs and symptoms Sometimes mistaken for heart attack EMR 10-27
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions APPENDICITIS Overview Appendix is a pouch attached to large intestine Appendix becomes inflamed, distends, or ruptures Signs and symptoms Dull pain that becomes sharp EMR 10-28
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions DIVERTICULITIS Overview Inflammation of diverticulum Pouch in area of large intestine wall Signs and symptoms Sudden severe abdominal pain EMR 10-29
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions PACREATITIS Overview Gland behind the stomach Role in insulin production Signs and symptoms Persistent, severe upper abdominal pain EMR 10-30
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Abdominal Emergency Conditions
Learning Objective 8 Abdominal Emergency Conditions KIDNEY STONES Overview Minerals crystallize in the urine Cause blockage to bladder Signs and symptoms Severe flank pain radiating to groin EMR 10-31
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Four Different Types of Poison Exposures
Learning Objective 9 Four Different Types of Poison Exposures POISONING Overview Assessment tools Management Critical interventions Proper response teams Poison control center EMR 10-32
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Four Different Types of Poison Exposure
Learning Objective 9 Four Different Types of Poison Exposure INGESTED POISONS Overview Substance absorbed through stomach and intestines Most common poisoning Symptoms may not appear for hours Signs and symptoms EMR 10-33
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Four Different Types of Poison Exposure
Learning Objective 9 Four Different Types of Poison Exposure INHALED POISONS Overview Gases, vapors, powders, or aerosols Rapidly absorb into the body Damage or destroy respiratory tract Signs and symptoms EMR 10-34
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Four Different Types of Poison Exposure
Learning Objective 9 Four Different Types of Poison Exposure INJECTED POISONS Overview Into bloodstream by puncture of the skin Reaction can be local or general Stings and bites Signs and symptoms EMR 10-35
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Four Different Types of Poison Exposure
Learning Objective 9 Four Different Types of Poison Exposure ABSORBED POISONS Overview Absorption through skin or mucous membrane Liquids and dry powders Examples Signs and symptoms EMR 10-36
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Four Different Types of Poison Exposure
Learning Objective 9 Four Different Types of Poison Exposure NERVE AGENT ANTIDOTE AUTOINJECTOR KIT Types Mark I DuoDote Signs and symptoms Administration EMR 10-37
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Summary An EMR will routinely respond to medical emergencies and must perform critical interventions, obtaining vital information, performing a secondary survey or rapid secondary survey incorporating objective and subjective information, and then focusing on specific interventions Using critical thinking skills and a basic knowledge of common medical conditions, an EMR can provide necessary care and determine if rapid transport is necessary EMR 10-38 1-
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