1. CHAPTER 15THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR
AMERICAN NATION
UNIT 5
CHAPTER 15THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 16 TORN BY WAR
CHAPTER 17 REBUILDING THE NATION

2. Chapter 15 The Road to Civil War 1820-1861
After many attempts at compromise over the issue of slavery, the North and South went to war.

3. Chapter 15 Section 1 Slavery or Freedom in the West (1820-1861)pages 428-431
Objectives –
Explain why the issue of slavery flared up in 1819
Identify the Missouri Compromise
Identify the goal of the Free Soil party
Vocabulary – sectionalism, popular sovereignty

4. Slavery or Freedom in the West (1820-1861) pages 428-431
The Missouri Question
1. Missouri Compromise
a. (1820) Plan proposed by Henry Clay to
keep the number of slave and free states
equal
b. Imaginary line across the southern
border of Missouri at latitude 36*30’N

5. Slavery or Freedom in the West (1820-1861) pages 428-431
B. Slavery in the Mexican Cession
1. An anti-slavery plan
a. Wilmot Provisio called for a law to ban
slavery in any lands won from Mexico
2. Americans take sides
a. Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or
section rather than a whole country

6. Slavery or Freedom in the West (1820-1861) pages 428-431
B. Slavery in the Mexican Cession (continued)
3. Moderate Views
a. Popular Sovereignty – control by the
people; allowing each territory to decide
for itself whether or not to allow slavery

7. Slavery or Freedom in the West (1820-1861) pages 428-431
B. Slavery in the Mexican Cession (continued)
4. A new political party
a. Free Soil party – political party founded
in 1848 by antislavery Whigs and
Democrats

8. Slavery or Freedom in the West (1820-1861) pages 428-431
5. The Free Soil Challenge
a. Presidential campaign 1848
1. Free Soilers – Martin Van Buren (ban on slavery)
2. Democrats – Lewis Cass of Michigan (popular
soverignty)
3. Whigs – Zachary Taylor, hero of the Mexican War

9. Chapter 15 Section 2 Saving the Union 1850-1852 pages 432-435
Objectives –
Explain why the slavery question arose again in 1850.
Describe how the North and South reached a compromise.
Describe how the issue of fugitive slaves divided the North and South.

10. Saving the Union 1850-1852 pages 432-435
Seeking a Compromise
1. Clay pleads for compromise
2. Calhoun replies
3. Webster calls for unity

11. Saving the Union 1850-1852 pages 432-435
B. A Compromise at Last 1. Compromise of 1850 a. Agreement over slavery that admitted California to the Union as a free state, allowed popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah, banned slave trade in Washington, D.C., and passed a strict fugitive slave law

12. Saving the Union 1850-1852 pages 432-435
B. A Compromise at Last (continued) 2. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 – law that required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves C. An Antislavery Bestseller 1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

13. Chapter 15 Section 3 Bloodshed in Kansas 1850-1857 pages 436-440
Objectives –
Identify the events that made the issue of slavery emerge again in 1854.
Explain why proslavery and antislavery forces moved into Kansas.
Describe how the Dred Scott decision divided the nation.

14. Bloodshed in Kansas 1850-1857 pages 436-440
Kansas–Nebraska Act
1. Kansas-Nebraska Act – law that divided
Nebraska into two territories and provided
for the question of slavery in territories to be
decided by popular sovereignty
2. Undoing the Missouri Compromise
3. Northern outrage

15. Bloodshed in Kansas 1850-1857 pages 436-440
B. Kansas Explodes 1. Rushing to Kansas a. Border Ruffians – proslavery bands from Missouri who battled anti-slavery forces in Kansas b. Divided Kansas c. The first shots 1. Bleeding Kansas – name given to Kansas territory due to violence over slavery

16. Bloodshed in Kansas 1850-1857 pages 436-440
C. Bloodshed in the Senate 1. Sumner, an abolitionist senator, singled out Butler, a southern senator, in a speech. Butler’s nephew, Congressman Brooks, marched into the Senate and beat Sumner with a heavy cane!

17. Bloodshed in Kansas 1850-1857 pages 436-440
D. The Dred Scott Decision (1857) 1. Dred Scott led by antislavery lawyers filed a lawsuit for his freedom 2. A sweeping decision a. Scott could not file a lawsuit for he was not a citizen, slaves were property b. Congress could not outlaw slavery c. Missouri Compromise was illegal 3. The nation reacts

18. Chapter 15 Section 4 Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
Objectives
Explain why a new political party took shape in the mid-1850’s
Describe how Abraham Lincoln viewed slavery.
Describe how the raid on Harper’s Ferry deepened differences between the North and South.

19. Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
The Republican Party
1. A self-starter from Kentucky
a. Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky, moved to Indiana, settled in Illinois
b. Self taught after one year of schooling
c. Eight years in state legislature, one term in
Congress, ran for Senate in 1858

20. Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
The Republican Party (continued)
2. “Just folks.”
a. Lincoln was honest, witty, plainspoken

21. Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
B. The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign Trail 1. Senator Stephen Douglas, ‘Little Giant’, private railroad car with flatcar mounted with a brass cannon to announce his arrival 2. Lincoln traveled on the same train in a public car 3. Lincoln followed Douglass, his opponent, answering him speech for speech

22. Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
B. The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign Trail (cont.) 4. Douglas speaks a. Attacks Lincoln as a hot-headed abolitionist b. Reminds crowd of 10,000 he believes in popular sovereignty 5. Lincoln replies a. Slavery is evil, all are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

23. Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
B. The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign Trail (cont.) 6. A leader emerges a. Douglas won the Illinois Senate race b. Lincoln won those who believed ”if slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.” c. Two years later Douglas and Lincoln meet again seeking the office of President

24. Republicans Challenge Slavery 1850-1859 pages 440-444
C. John Brown’s Raid 1. Jon Brown carried his antislavery campaign from Kansas east to Harpers Ferry, Virginia 2. Seizing an arsenal a. Arsenal – gun warehouse b. General Robert E. Lee captures Brown 3. Trail and death a. Brown is hanged as a Northern hero

25. Chapter 15 Section 5 The South Breaks Away 1860-1861 pages 444-447
Objectives –
Describe how the South reacted to Lincoln’s victory in 1860.
Identify the Confederate States of America.
Identify the events that led to the outbreak of the Civil War.

26. The South Breaks Away 1860-1861 pages 444-447
The Election of 1860
1. Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas
2. Southern Democrats - John Breckinridge
3. Constitutional Union – John Bell
4. Republican – Abraham Lincoln (winner)

27. The South Breaks Away 1860-1861 pages 444-447
B. The Union is Broken 1. Succession a. Secede – withdraw from the Union 1. South Carolina (1860) 2. Alabama (1861) 5. Louisiana (1861) 3. Florida (1861) 6. Mississippi (1861) 4. Georgia 7. Texas (1861)

28. The South Breaks Away 1860-1861 pages 444-447
C. War Comes 1. Federal Troops in the South 2. Opening shots a. Fort Sumter, South Carolina 1. Union commander Major Robert Anderson surrenders the fort to the Confederacy

29. Chapter 16 Torn by War
The Civil War between the North and South tested the strength of the Union.

30. Chapter 17 Rebuilding the Nation (1864-1877)
During Reconstruction, the South slowly rebuilt, African Americans gained new rights, and the United States became united once more.