1. The Nervous System Unit II: Biology and Behavior -What is it
The Nervous System Unit II: Biology and Behavior -What is it? -How does it affect our behavior?

2. Vocab
Biology-Study or science of life in all its forms, esp. the origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior.
Peripheral-the external boundary of any surface or area.
Involuntary-not voluntary; independent of one's will; not by one’s own choice.

3. Vocab
Neuron-a specialized, impulse-conducting cell that is the basic unit of the nervous system. (A nerve cell)
Hormone-various internally secreted compounds formed in the endocrine glands that affect the functions of the body.
Heredity-the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring.

4. The Nervous System
Will Explain Why We FEEL…
Strong
Nervous
Pain

5. The Nervous System is …
A big communication system between the brain and the body.
Helps us to
gain information that is going on inside and around our body
respond accordingly

7. The Nervous System is …
Made up of nerves – bundles of long thin cells called neurons.
Nerves send messages between the brain and the body.

8. The Nervous System is …
Neurons – fundamental unit of the nervous system
nerve cell (5 parts)
have the ability to communicate with one another

9. Neuron Structure

10. 5 Major parts to a neuron Dendrites Cell Body Axon-
can be thousandths of an inch or up to three feet!
Myelin Sheath- aids transmission
Degeneration can result in Multiple Sclerosis
Axon Terminals
Synaptic Gap- fluid filled and 5 millionth of an inch wide. Takes 10 millionth of a second to cross.

11. Synaptic Gap Fluid filled and 5 millionth of an inch wide
10 millionth of a second to cross

12. The Nervous System is … Two Parts 1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain and spinal cord – encased in bone

13. The Nervous System is… 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nerves cells/ Neurons
Connects the CNS to the body
Carries information to and from the brain & spine.
“Outer Edge”

14. 2 Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic nervous system
Controls voluntary muscles and transmits sensory information to the CNS
Autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary body functions
Heartbeat, Blood pressure, Breathing, Digestion…
Has two parts
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

15. A “blueprint” of the Nervous System

16. How the Autonomic System affects our behaviors…
Sympathetic Nervous System
“Fight or Flight” Response
Prepares our body to confront the situation or RUN!
Remember that sympathetic, stress, and sympathy begin with “S”.

17. How the Autonomic System affects our behaviors…
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Restores the body’s energy reserves after an event has occurred.
Remember that parasympathetic and peaceful both begin with “P”.
SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion and defecation).

18. How it affects our behaviors…Sympathetic VS. Parasympathetic

19. How the Nervous Systems affects our behaviors …
Neurotransmitters – chemicals released by neurons which help them pass messages to the next neuron.
Three important neurotransmitters (over 100 are known) have a big influence on our feelings and behavior.
Serotonin
Dopamine
Endorphins

20. Serotonin Function deals with mood control and sleep
Melatonin-helps those with insomnia
Abnormal levels of serotonin have been linked to depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

23. Dopamine Deals with motor movement and alertness.
Deficiency of dopamine is associated with Parkinson’s disease.
Excess is associated with schizophrenia.
Antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors.
Cocaine, nicotine, & amphetamines increase dopamine activity.

24. Endorphins
Regulates pain control/pain perception during stress or trauma.
Can give a euphoric feeling
We can become addicted to endorphin causing feelings.
Similar to opiate addiction (morphine, heroin, & codeine).
Acupuncture

26. Another important neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine-”uh-seet-ul-KO-leen”
Muscle control
Low amounts linked to Alzheimer's
Nerve gas & black widow venom cause too much acetylcholine to be released resulting in convulsions and suffocation.
Nicotine mimics acetylcholine.