BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS

BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS
This presentation should be viewed in “Slide Show” view to display properly. [Mac: Go to “Slide Show” pulldown menu and click on “Play from Start.”] [PC: Go to “Slide Show” tab and click on “From beginning.”] Use the tab key, space bar, arrow keys, or page up/down to move through the slides. These slides are optimized for PowerPoint versions 12 (2007/2008) and 14 (2010/2011). If viewed in earlier versions of PowerPoint, some slides may not display properly. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition Sherrie L. Nist Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Four Chapter 21 affirm essence alleged immunity allude impair See page 118 in textbook. coerce query sadistic elite Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 1 affirm – verb The witness affirmed in court that he had seen the defendant commit the robbery. During the wedding ceremony, Lana did affirm that she would love and honor Joseph, but she did not state that she would obey him. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. These officials affirm their loyalty by saying the Pledge of Allegiance. U.S. Department of State via Wikimedia Commons Affirm means A. to fear. B. to state. C. to write. See page 118 in textbook. ANSWER: B The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 1 affirm – verb The witness affirmed in court that he had seen the defendant commit the robbery. During the wedding ceremony, Lana did affirm that she would love and honor Joseph, but she did not state that she would obey him. These officials affirm their loyalty by saying the Pledge of Allegiance. U.S. Department of State via Wikimedia Commons Affirm means A. to fear. B. to state. C. to write. See page 118 in textbook. A witness would state in court what he had seen. In the second item, the word state tells you the meaning of affirm. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 2 alleged – adjective The alleged killer was never proven guilty in court, but many people believe he committed the murder. Nan, who believed Luther was innocent of starting the fire, reminded her friends that his guilt was only alleged. Alleged means A. assumed. B. admired. C. harmless. See page 118 in textbook. ANSWER: A The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 2 alleged – adjective The alleged killer was never proven guilty in court, but many people believe he committed the murder. Nan, who believed Luther was innocent of starting the fire, reminded her friends that his guilt was only alleged. Alleged means A. assumed. B. admired. C. harmless. See page 118 in textbook. If people believe the man is guilty but his guilt is not proven, he is only the assumed killer. Nan reminds her friends that the man she believes is innocent is only assumed to be guilty. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 3 allude – verb Although the mayor won’t use her opponent’s name, she plans to allude to him by mentioning the scandal he’s involved in. Tracy alluded to Santiago’s weight gain by calling him “Santa.” Allude means A. to clearly mention. B. to hint at. C. to keep. See page 118 in textbook. ANSWER: B The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 3 allude – verb Although the mayor won’t use her opponent’s name, she plans to allude to him by mentioning the scandal he’s involved in. Tracy alluded to Santiago’s weight gain by calling him “Santa.” Allude means A. to clearly mention. B. to hint at. C. to keep. See page 118 in textbook. The mayor will hint at her opponent’s name by mentioning the scandal. By calling Santiago “Santa,” Tracy is hinting at his weight gain. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 4 coerce – verb To coerce the general into giving up, the rebels kidnapped his daughter. Our gym teacher used to coerce us into doing fifty sit-ups by refusing to let anyone leave before we all had finished. Coerce means A. to talk. B. to join. C. to force. Used with the permission of Randy Glasbergen “Do you ever get the feeling that the boss is trying to coerce us into taking shorter coffee breaks?” See page 118 in textbook. ANSWER: C The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 4 coerce – verb To coerce the general into giving up, the rebels kidnapped his daughter. Our gym teacher used to coerce us into doing fifty sit-ups by refusing to let anyone leave before we all had finished. Coerce means A. to talk. B. to join. C. to force. Used with the permission of Randy Glasbergen “Do you ever get the feeling that the boss is trying to coerce us into taking shorter coffee breaks?” See page 118 in textbook. Kidnapping the general’s daughter might force him into giving up. By refusing to let anyone leave, the gym teacher forces the class into doing fifty sit-ups. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 5 elite – adjective The 57th was the elite military unit. Its members were the toughest and the smartest and had trained the longest. The elite neighborhood in town is surrounded by a high fence and has a guard at its gates. mkckim via Wikimedia Commons Only the world’s elite athletes can win Olympic medals. Elite means A. worst. B. best. C. least important. See page 118 in textbook. ANSWER: B The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 5 elite – adjective The 57th was the elite military unit. Its members were the toughest and the smartest and had trained the longest. The elite neighborhood in town is surrounded by a high fence and has a guard at its gates. mkckim via Wikimedia Commons Only the world’s elite athletes can win Olympic medals. Elite means A. worst. B. best. C. least important. See page 118 in textbook. If the members are the toughest, the strongest, and the most trained, the 57th is the best military unit. A high fence and a guard at the gates suggest that the neighborhood is the best or most privileged. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 6 essence – noun Trust is the essence of a good relationship; without it, the relationship won’t last. Boiled down to its essence, the lecture can be stated in one short sentence: Much important work gets done in America by volunteers. Essence means A. the main part. B. the opposite. C. the sad part. U.S. EPA via Wikimedia Commons This illustration explains the essence of the Greenhouse Effect. See page 118 in textbook. ANSWER: A The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 6 essence – noun Trust is the essence of a good relationship; without it, the relationship won’t last. Boiled down to its essence, the lecture can be stated in one short sentence: Much important work gets done in America by volunteers. Essence means A. the main part. B. the opposite. C. the sad part. U.S. EPA via Wikimedia Commons This illustration explains the essence of the Greenhouse Effect. See page 118 in textbook. If a good relationship won’t last without trust, trust must be the main part of a good relationship. The heart or main part of the lecture can be stated in one sentence. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 7 immunity – noun Foreign ambassadors often park in no-parking zones because they have immunity from parking fines. When the actor punched a police officer, even his wealth and fame didn’t get him immunity from jail. Immunity means A. recognition. B. freedom. C. an income. Pretzelpaws via Wikimedia Commons This illegally parked car belongs to a diplomat who has immunity from parking fines. See page 119 in textbook. ANSWER: B The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 7 immunity – noun Foreign ambassadors often park in no-parking zones because they have immunity from parking fines. When the actor punched a police officer, even his wealth and fame didn’t get him immunity from jail. Immunity means A. recognition. B. freedom. C. an income. Pretzelpaws via Wikimedia Commons This illegally parked car belongs to a diplomat who has immunity from parking fines. See page 119 in textbook. Having freedom from parking fines makes ambassadors more likely to park in no-parking zones. Wealth and fame were not enough to get the actor freedom from jail. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 8 impair – verb Listening to very loud music for extended periods of time impairs hearing by damaging the inner ear. The auto accident impaired my ability to walk, leaving me with a limp. Iconographic Collections via Wikimedia Commons The blindfold impairs the girl’s ability to find her friends. Impair means A. to involve. B. to repair. C. to harm. See page 119 in textbook. ANSWER: C The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 8 impair – verb Listening to very loud music for extended periods of time impairs hearing by damaging the inner ear. The auto accident impaired my ability to walk, leaving me with a limp. Iconographic Collections via Wikimedia Commons The blindfold impairs the girl’s ability to find her friends. Impair means A. to involve. B. to repair. C. to harm. See page 119 in textbook. Loud music harms the hearing. The word damaging is a clue. If one limps, one’s ability to walk has been harmed by the accident. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 9 query – verb If no printed schedule is available, please query the person at the information booth to learn the time of your train’s arrival or departure. Reporters repeatedly queried the candidate about whether he would raise taxes, but his only reply was “No comment.” Query means A. to ask. B. to quote. C. to answer. R. D. Ward, U.S. DoD via Wikimedia Commons Reporters querying a government official during a press briefing See page 119 in textbook. ANSWER: A The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 9 query – verb If no printed schedule is available, please query the person at the information booth to learn the time of your train’s arrival or departure. Reporters repeatedly queried the candidate about whether he would raise taxes, but his only reply was “No comment.” Query means A. to ask. B. to quote. C. to answer. R. D. Ward, U.S. DoD via Wikimedia Commons Reporters querying a government official during a press briefing See page 119 in textbook. You need to ask at the information booth to learn the arrival or departure time. Reporters would ask the candidate about raising taxes. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 10 sadistic – adjective Cats seem to be naturally sadistic. Instead of killing their victims quickly, they like to make the process slow and drawn-out. Our sadistic science teacher had a strange way of teaching about electrical currents. First, he had us hold hands in a circle. Then he put one student’s hand on a wire with a slight electrical charge. John Collier via Wikimedia Commons An 1810 drawing of a sadistic dentist pulling a patient’s tooth Sadistic means A. sad. B. cruel. C. rude. See page 119 in textbook. ANSWER: B The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Ten Words in Context 10 sadistic – adjective Cats seem to be naturally sadistic. Instead of killing their victims quickly, they like to make the process slow and drawn-out. Our sadistic science teacher had a strange way of teaching about electrical currents. First, he had us hold hands in a circle. Then he put one student’s hand on a wire with a slight electrical charge. John Collier via Wikimedia Commons An 1810 drawing of a sadistic dentist pulling a patient’s tooth Sadistic means A. sad. B. cruel. C. rude. See page 119 in textbook. To kill in a slow and drawn-out way is cruel. Teaching students about electrical currents by giving them electric shocks is cruel. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 Complete the item with the correct word from the box. A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 1. The Puritan colonists ________(e)d Native Americans into slavery by capturing and selling them to buyers in the West Indies. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: D The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 1. The Puritan colonists ___________ Native Americans into slavery by capturing and selling them to buyers in the West Indies. coerced See page 120 in textbook. Capturing and selling the Native Americans forced them into slavery. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 2. The __________ war criminal had laughed while he tortured his victims. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: J The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 2. The __________ war criminal had laughed while he tortured his victims. sadistic See page 120 in textbook. A person who laughs while torturing victims must take pleasure from being cruel. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 3. Drugs and alcohol __________ a person’s ability to drive. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: H The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 3. Drugs and alcohol __________ a person’s ability to drive. impair See page 120 in textbook. Drugs and alcohol weaken a person’s ability to drive. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 4. The __________ of a paragraph is stated in its topic sentence. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: F The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 4. The __________ of a paragraph is stated in its topic sentence. essence See page 120 in textbook. The main idea (main part) of the paragraph is stated in its topic sentence. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 5. As a child, I didn’t enjoy total __________ from punishment, but my parents rarely spanked me. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: G The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 5. As a child, I didn’t enjoy total __________ from punishment, but my parents rarely spanked me. immunity See page 120 in textbook. If the parents occasionally spanked the child, he or she didn’t have total freedom from punishment. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 6. During the spelling bee, the judge would __________ that a spelling was correct by nodding silently. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: A The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 6. During the spelling bee, the judge would __________ that a spelling was correct by nodding silently. affirm See page 120 in textbook. The judge’s nod indicated that the spelling was correct. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 7. The __________ car thief could not possibly be guilty. Not only was he out of town on the day of the theft, but he cannot drive. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: B The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 7. The __________ car thief could not possibly be guilty. Not only was he out of town on the day of the theft, but he cannot drive. alleged See page 120 in textbook. If he can’t even drive, the supposed car thief could not be guilty. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 8. A(n) __________ group of doctors, including the country’s top brain surgeons, met to discuss a new operation. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: E The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 8. An ___________ group of doctors, including the country’s top brain surgeons, met to discuss a new operation. elite See page 120 in textbook. A group including the top brain surgeons would be a superior group. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 9. When two people are arrested for the same crime, the police __________ them separately to see if they give the same answers. See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: I The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 9. When two people are arrested for the same crime, the police __________ them separately to see if they give the same answers. query See page 120 in textbook. The police would question the two people separately. The word answers is a clue. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 10. My brother and I used secret names to __________ to certain relatives. For example, if we wished to speak about Aunt Dotty, we instead spoke about “an old Chevy.” See page 120 in textbook. ANSWER: C The next slide shows and explains the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Sentence Check 1 A. affirm B. alleged C. allude D. coerce E. elite F. essence G. immunity H. impair I. query J. sadistic 10. My brother and I used secret names to __________ to certain relatives. For example, if we wished to speak about Aunt Dotty, we instead spoke about “an old Chevy.” allude See page 120 in textbook. Using “an old Chevy” to speak about Aunt Dotty is to refer to her indirectly. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review Try to define each of the words from this chapter. The words will appear one at a time as you advance the slides. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic alleged ANSWER: Supposed to be true or real, but not proved; assumed The next slide shows the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic alleged essence ANSWER: A fundamental characteristic or the most important quality of something; the heart of a matter; the main part The next slide shows the answer. Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic alleged essence A fundamental characteristic or the most important quality of something; the heart of a matter; the main part Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic elite alleged essence ANSWER: Being or intended for the best or most privileged; superior The next slide shows the answer. coerce allude Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic elite alleged affirm essence ANSWER: To indicate to be true; state with certainty The next slide shows the answer. coerce allude Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic elite alleged affirm essence impair ANSWER: To damage; weaken; harm The next slide shows the answer. coerce allude Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic elite alleged affirm essence impair ANSWER: To question; ask The next slide shows the answer. coerce query allude Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic elite alleged affirm essence impair ANSWER: Freedom from something unpleasant or something required of others The next slide shows the answer. coerce query immunity allude Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

Unit Four/ Chapter 21 Chapter Review sadistic elite alleged affirm essence impair coerce query immunity allude Freedom from something unpleasant or something required of others Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.

BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS

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