1. Reading Comprehension (with audio)
Clouds
Reading Comprehension
(with audio)
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2. Clouds are an important part of the water cycle
Clouds are an important part of the water cycle. The water cycle is the movement of water from the Earth into the sky and then back down to Earth again.
Did you know that over 70% of the Earth is covered in water? Water on Earth is in the form of salt water (97%), the water that is found in the oceans and saltwater lakes, and fresh water (3%), the water that is found in rivers, ponds, lakes, streams and underground.
The Water Cycle
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3. Evaporation, Condensation and Precipitation
The sun heats water on the surface of the Earth, and causes it to evaporate. Evaporation is the process when water moves from being a liquid to being vapor. Water vapor is made up of tiny water droplets in the air.
Water can also move into the air through transpiration. Transpiration is the movement of water out of plants. During photosynthesis, plants make oxygen and water. Water then moves out of tiny holes on the leaves and into the air.
Evaporation, Condensation and Precipitation
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4. The water vapor rises up into the atmosphere, and as it cools, it condenses. When the water vapor condenses it forms clouds. Precipitation happens when so much water vapor condenses that the air cannot hold it anymore. The clouds get so heavy that some of the water must fall back down to Earth as rain, snow, sleet or hail.
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5. Types of Clouds
There are many different types of clouds. The type of cloud depends on how high up in the atmosphere the water condenses. The atmosphere is the blanket of air that covers the Earth.
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6. Stratus clouds occur below 6,000 feet
Stratus clouds occur below 6,000 feet. These clouds look like flat sheets of clouds, and can mean an overcast or rainy day. These clouds are usually a uniform color of gray, and cover most of the sky.
Stratus Clouds
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7. Cumulus clouds are also below 6,000 feet, and look like big fluffy balls of cotton. They usually mean that the weather will be nice; however, sometimes they can get very tall and turn into thunderheads. These clouds are usually flat on the bottom, but have very lumpy tops. Cumulus clouds usually form alone, and there is a lot of blue sky between different clouds.
Cumulus Clouds
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8. These wispy clouds usually form about 18,000 feet
These wispy clouds usually form about 18,000 feet. Cirrus clouds generally move from west to east. They form when water vapor forms ice crystals and they are so thin because of the height at which they form. There is very little water vapor above 18,000 feet, and so big thick clouds cannot form.
Cirrus Clouds
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9. Combination Clouds
These are the three main types of clouds that can form; however there are also several combination clouds.
Stratocumulus Clouds Nimbostratus Clouds Altostratus Clouds Altocumulus Clouds Cirrostratus Clouds Cirrocumulus Clouds Cumulonimbus Clouds
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10. Stratocumulus Cloud Nimbostratus Cloud
Usually form below 6,000 feet, and usually form in rows or patches, with blue sky in between. The color of stratocumulus clouds can be from white to dark gray, but precipitation hardly ever falls from these clouds.
Also form below 6,000 feet, and usually produce a steady form of precipitation. Steady precipitation isn’t like a hard thunder shower, but can instead last for several hours or even more than a day. Nimbostratus clouds are so thick that you can’t see the sun or the moon through them.
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11. Altostratus Cloud Altocumulus Cloud
These form higher than stratocumulus or nimbostratus clouds. They form between 6,000 and 20,000 feet. Altostratus clouds cover the entire sky over a large area, and usually produce steady precipitation ahead of a storm. Even though you can see the sun, altostratus clouds do not let enough sunlight to produce shadows.
These form between 6,000 and 20,000 feet. These clouds look like puffy gray balls or blobs, and sometimes appear in rows. Part of these clouds is usually darker than the rest, and this helps to set them apart from higher cirrocumulus clouds. If you see these clouds on a hot summer morning it often means that they will be thunderstorms in the afternoon.
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12. Cirrostratus clouds form even higher than most altostratus and altocumulus clouds, at above 18,000 feet. These clouds are so thin that you can see the moon and the sun clearly. Sometimes you only know that there are cirrostratus clouds in the sky because you can see a fuzzy halo around the sun or the moon. This halo is caused because the ice crystals in the cloud bend the light from the sun and the moon. Cirrostratus clouds usually mean that there will be rain or snow within 24 hours.
Cirrostratus Clouds
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13. Other mixed clouds that form high in the sky are cirrocumulus clouds
Other mixed clouds that form high in the sky are cirrocumulus clouds. They also form above 18,000 feet. They can look like small rounded puffs or cotton balls, either alone or in rows. When the puffs are in rows, the sky has a rippling look and this is how you can tell that they are cirrocumulus clouds and not cirrus or cirrostratus clouds.
Cirrocumulus Cloud
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14. Finally, there are the cumulonimbus clouds
Finally, there are the cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are thunderstorm clouds. The word nimbus or nimbo means precipitation producing cloud. Nimbostratus clouds produce steady rain and cumulonimbus clouds produce thunderstorms.
Cumulonimbus Cloud
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