1. Bio-Medical Waste Management
An Environmental and Health Paradigm
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

2. International Conventions related to Biomedical waste
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes 1989
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2001
The Minamata Convention on Mercury 2013
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

3. International Networks related to Bio-medical waste
WHO:
World Alliance for Patient Safety
Safe Injection Global Network
NGOs
Hospital waste and Sustainable hospitals:
Health Care Without Harm (HCWH)
Anti-incineration:
GAIA (Global Anti Incinerator Alliance)
Mercury:
Zero Mercury working group and EEB
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

4. Basel Convention
Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
Minimize hazardous waste (including clinical waste) generation and dispose it nearest to the point of generation
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

5. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
A global environmental treaty
It Entered into force on 17 May 2004 with ratification by 180 countries
India is a signatory of this convention and ratified it in 2006
Aims to eliminate or reduce the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

6. Stockholm and Medical waste
PVC in medical waste responsible for release of Dioxins and Furans
Indian Rules set out a phase out date for PVC Products (BMW 2016)
Standard set for Dioxins &Furans (0.1ngTEQ/Nm3)
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

7. Minamata Convention
To protect human health and the environment from mercury 
Adopted in 2013
Phase out of Mercury added products, including mercury medical instruments, by 2020
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

8. India on the mercury front
India is a signatory to the convention
Mercury containing lamps has been included in the revised E waste regulation
EPR is applicable to disposal of mercury containing lamps
India has shifted 32 of its chlor alkali plants to mercury free technology
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

9. World alliance for patient safety
In 2002, World Health assembly passed a resolution calling member states to work for safety of Patients.
In 2004, World Alliance for Patient safety was formed.
First Challenge is “Clean care is Safer Care” (2005)
A formal pledge committing to address health care-associated infection in the country was signed by Government of India.
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

10. Priority areas for Patient safety
Safe clinical practices and hand hygiene
Safe Surgical practices
Blood Safety
Safe Injections Practices
Health Care Waste Management
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers

11. Health care associated infections
HCAIs complicate between 5-10% of admissions in acute care hospitals in industrialized countries
It is estimated that this risk is up to 20 times higher in developing world
At any given time, 1.4 million people worldwide suffer from HCAI, and at least 50% of HCAI are preventable.
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste Management
A training manual for trainers