1. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

2. Consists of:
heart,
arteries,
veins,
capillaries

3. Heart Four chamber muscular organ
Comparable to the size of a closed fist
Located in the mediastinum
Behind sternum
Between 2nd and 6th ribs
Between T5-T8
Apex – base of heart Located at the 5th intercostal space
Superiorly the superior mediastenum
Rested on diaphragm inferiorly

4. Anatomy of the heart
1-Pericardium – loose fitting sac surrounding the heart
Parietal layer: lines the inside of the mediastenum
Visceral layer: adheres to outside of the heart
Pericardial space: between parietal and visceral layer
Filled with 10-15mL of pericardial fluid
Decreases friction

5. 2-Wall Epicardium – outer layer
Epicardium = visceral pericardium plus the loos connective tissue
Myocardium – thick, branched contractile layer of cardiac muscle cells allow heart to function as a single unit
Endocaridium – interior of cardiac wall composed of
Endothelial tissue

7. 3-Chambers of the Heart
Atria – two (left and right atria), superior champers, they are “Receiving chambers” because they receive blood from veins . Atria separated by interatrial septum.
Ventricles – two (Left & right)inferior chambers
“pumping chambers” composed of thick muscular wall to increase force of pumping action.
Ventricles separated by interventricular septum

9. 4-Valves of the Heart
Permit blood flow in one direction during circulation
1-Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
Between atria and ventricles
2-Semilunar (SL valves)
Between :
A-R ventricle and pulmonary arteries
B-L ventricle and aorta

11. Atrioventricular Valves
1-Tricuspid valve
Between R atrium and ventricle
3 flaps of endocardium
2-Bicuspid valve
Betwn L atrium and ventricle
Also called mitral valve
Two flaps of endocardium

12. Semilunar Valves Pulmonary semilunar valve
Btwn R ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aorta semilunar valve
Btwn L ventricle and aorta

14. 5-Blood Supply to the Heart
Right and left coronary arteries
First branches off aorta
Most of the blood goes to the L ventricle

16. Anastomosis: Connections between blood vessels that allow for collateral circulation
Few exist between large branches of coronary arteries, they do exists between smaller branches of the R and L coronary arteries
In presence of an obstruction in a large artery ischemia will result ( infarction )

17. 5-Conduction System of the Heart
Four structures composed of modified cardiac muscle
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
Pacemaker of the heart
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
Located in the Left lower border of R atrium

18. Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
Bundle of specialized cardiac muscle fibers originating in the AV node
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers Extend into the walls of the ventricles

20. Types of Blood Vessels
Artery – carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
“distributors”
Arteriole: small artery
Vein – carries unoxygenated blood towards the heart
Venule: small vein
Capillary: regulate the blood flow into capillaries

22. Circulatory Routes
Systemic Circulation – blood flow from the L ventricle to the body & back to the R atrium
Pulmonary Circulation – blood flow from the R ventricle to the lungs and back to the L atrium