1. EVOLUTION of Animals

2. EVOLUTION Animal Characteristics
Evolution of Cells: prokaryotes – colonies - eukaryotes
asexual - sexual reproduction
unicellular – multicellular
Evolution of the Animal Body: KEY FEATURES
Organization of the body / Development of the embryo
Types of Symmetry
Deuterostome vs. Protostome (see p. 658)
Special cells, tissues, organs
germ layers
Body cavity (coelom)
Cephalization
Segmentation
Jointed appendages
Notochord - Invertebrate  Vertebrates (Chordates)
Body temperature homeostasis
Reproductive characteristics

3. The Common Ancestor of the animal kingdom……
PROTIST group – the choanoflagellates
Characteristics:
heterotrophic
colonial

4. Evolution of Animal Cells
Cells: heterotrophic prokaryotes (bacteria)  colonies
 unicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes (the protists)
 colonies
 multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes (the animals)
Course of development of major characteristics:
Asexual  sexual reproduction
Unicellular  multicellular

5. All about Embryonic Development
embryo development:
symmetry
special cells, tissues, organs
no germ layers – two – three
body cavity = coelom
no coelom - pseudocoelem - coelom

6. 1. BODY ORGANIZATION Types of Symmetry radial bilateral
Asymmetry – symmetry NOT!
random organization of parts.
Symmetry – the arrangement of parts
around a central point or center line.
Types of Symmetry
radial bilateral

7. Development of the embryo
2. LEVELS of DEVELOPMENT
special cells, tissues, organs
no germ layer
two germ layers
three germ layers

8. Germ Layers in the Embryo development of specialized cells
Cells begin to specialize in the blastula stage
Endoderm (endo = inside)
Develops into digestive tract and respiratory tissue
Mesoderm (meso = middle)
Develops into muscles , circulatory, reproductive, and excretory tissue
Ectoderm (ecto = outside)
Develops into nerves, sensory organs, skin

9. Development of the embryo
3. BODY CAVITY (coelom)
Acoelom – all tissues are adjacent – no “cavity”
Pseudocoelom – partial cavity but not throughout the body
Coelom – major organs are separated by membranes, and housed in a body cavity

10. Germ layers and the body cavity. yellow - endoderm. red - mesoderm
Germ layers and the body cavity yellow - endoderm red - mesoderm blue - ectoderm

11. Other major characteristics….
Cephalization
development nerves/senses at the “head end”
Segmentation
Allows for evolution of “compartments” for special functions.
Jointed appendages – take advantage of diverse environments

12. Invertebrate  Vertebrates (Chordates)
1st cold blooded (ectotherms)
 then warm blooded (endotherms)
1st egg laying (amnion)
 then placenta (live birth)

13. Phylum Porifera
Sponges

14. Porifera characteristics
Key feature
Multicellular
Characteristics
Filter feeders
Sessile
Larval stage
Marine

15. Phylum Cnidarians Examples jellyfish and hydra Key Feature
Specialized tissues
Characteristics
Stinging cells
Free swimming
Aquatic

16. Platyhelminthes The Flatworms
HW Use the textbook
CH , p
to complete the notes for the other 7 animal phyla.
INCLUDE:
1) TITLE. Underline the name of the phylum.
2) Examples (Major CLASSES and/or featured species)
3) KEY FEATURE(S) – the major feature(s) that this phylum evolved in the history of animal evolution
4) List of CHARACTERISTICS of animals of this phylum.

17. Notes
Use the textbook and key evolutionary features from the poster assignment to complete the notes for the other 7 animal phyla.

18. The Platypus

19. Tasmanian tiger

20. Anaconda