1. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
Motor fibers
These arise from the upper part of the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla, and supply the stylopharyngeus muscle
Sensory fibers
Taste fibers from the posterior third of the tongue
General somatic afferent fibers (pain, temperature, and tactile sensation) from the posterior third of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, tympanic membrane, and Eustachian.
baroreceptive from the carotid body and the carotid sinus
Parasympathetic fibers (parotid gland).

2. VAGUS NERVE
motor fibers arise from the nucleus ambiguus, supply all striated muscles of the larynx and pharynx, except the stylopharyngeus sensory fibers carried general visceral sensory input from the larynx, pharynx, linings of the trachea, bronchi, heart, aortic arch, and abdominal viscera parasympathetic to smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera.

3. Clinical features
Isolated lesions of the glossopharyngeal nerve are rare. It is more common to see combined lesions of the IX and X
Patients with IX and X nerve lesions present with symptoms of hoarseness, dysphagia, and dyspnea.

4. SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE
Arising from the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla and from upper cervical segments.
It supplies two muscles: the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

5. SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE
Nuclear lesions:
syringomyelia/syringobulbia,
motor neuron disease.
Skull and foramen magnum (lesions involve IX, X, XI, and XII) and may also affect the medulla or upper cervical cord).
neoplasms
(meningiomas, dermoids)
meningeal processes, and
traumatic injuries.
Jugular foramen lesions: (lesions involve IX, X, and XI)
leptomeningeal process (infectious, carcinomatous, and inflammatory)
Trauma
Guillain–Barré syndrome
In the neck:
surgical procedures in the posterior triangle of the neck such as lymph node excision or
biopsy (most common cause
radiation therapy

6. Hypoglossal (XII) Cause: demyelinating disease, motor neuron disease, syringobulbia, Chiari malformation, tumor, arteriovenous malformation, hemorrhage, ischemia, inflammatory, and infectious conditions, Polio, TB,
UMN
LMN