1. • New England— northern states of Northeast:
The Northeast
• New England— northern states of Northeast:
- MA, VE, NH, ME., RI, CN, PN, NY, NJ
• Northeast has only 5% of land, but 20% of population
• Today most people are employed in manufacturing, service industries
• Some rich farmland in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey
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2. • The Midwest—north-central U.S., known as the “American Heartland”
- 1/5 of U.S. land, 1/4 of population 3
Agricultural and Industrial Heartland
• Central location, soil, climate make it nation’s “breadbasket”
- corn, wheat, soy beans, meat, dairy; meat-packing, food-processing
Changing Face of the Midwest
• Farm numbers declining, more people working in service industries
• People and industries moving to South and West
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3. • The South —1/4 of U.S. land, more than 1/3 of population
- 11 states were once part of the Civil War Confederacy
The Old South
• Virginia was England’s first American colony
• South’s ethnic mix includes Africans, Hispanics, Cajuns, Creoles
• Once agricultural, rural; now rapidly changing, cities growing
The New South
• Agriculture: cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts, livestock
• “Sunbelt” attracts manufacturing, tourists, retirees
• Fastest metropolitan growth in the US
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4. • The West —from Great Plains to Pacific, plus Alaska and Hawaii
- 1/2 of U.S. land, 1/5 of population
Developing the West
• California is most populous state
• Rapid 20th-century growth due to air conditioning, irrigation
• Economy:
- farms, ranches, logging, fish, mines, oil, tourism, film, computers
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5. History and Government of the United States
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6. Creating a Nation Settling the Land
• Spaniards are first and settled St. Augustine (Florida) in 1565
• In the early 1600s French settlers arrive
- settle in Canada and along St. Lawrence River
- set up fisheries and fur trade
People settle Atlantic Coast from Maine to Georgia
- 1st permanent English settlement Jamestown, VA (1607)
• Displace Natives, bring African slaves to work plantations
• Columbian Exchange between Old, New Worlds: plants, animals, disease
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7. Establishing and Maintaining the Union
• French & English fight over trade & territory in North America
- English win and gain control of everything east of Mississippi in 1763
• American Revolution (1775–1783): United States gains independence from Britain
1803 Louisiana Purchase from France doubles size of U.S.
Jefferson hires Lewis and Clark to explore the new area
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8. Establishing and Maintaining the Union
• In early 1800s Western European immigrants arrive in large numbers
• Sectionalism-loyalty to region over nation-grows, tension
- industrial North versus agricultural South and its slave labor
- Civil War fought between North &
South from 1861 to 1865 (North won)
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9. • Pioneers venture west during mid- to late 1800s
Westward Movement
• Pioneers venture west during mid- to late 1800s
- Oregon Trail—2,000 miles, 6 months to travel
• Government moved Native Americans off land by treaty, or force
• Transcontinental railroad completed 1869 1
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10. Industrialization and Urbanization
• 14 million European immigrants enter U.S. between 1860 and 1900
Most immigrants go trough Ellis or Angel Island
- Most go to cities and work in textile, steel, oil, food processing
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11. Looking Beyond Its Borders
• U.S. avoided involvement in foreign affairs during
its growth period
- had own resources, food, factories;
separated from conflicts by oceans
• Changed by depression and world wars;
only strong economy after WWII
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12. Social Change and Technological Growth
• Rapid social change in second half of 20th century
- migration to suburbs—the communities outside cities
• Unrest in ’60s and ’70s: civil rights, feminist movement, Vietnam
Living in a Global Society
• Cold War (1945–1991): U.S. leads nations against communism, USSR
• U.S. is sole superpower after collapse of USSR in 1991
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13. • Federal republic—powers divided between national, state governments
Governing the People
• Representative democracy —people rule through elected representatives
• Federal republic—powers divided between national, state governments
• Three separate, equal branches:
- executive branch - carries out laws (president)
- legislative branch –
makes laws (Congress)
- judicial branch –
interprets laws,
reviews lower court
decisions (Court
System)
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14. Economy and Culture of the United States
Section 2
Economy and Culture of the United States
• The United States has the world’s largest and most diversified economy.
• American products and popular culture are recognized around the world.
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15. The World’s Greatest Economic Power The U.S. Leads
• World’s largest economy: agricultural, manufacturing
• Success is due to resources, skilled labor, stable political system
• Free enterprise economy:- businesses operate for profit with little governmental control
An Agricultural and Industrial Giant
- petroleum, steel, electronics,
telecommunications, lumber,
• computers revolutionize
industry
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16. • Nation of immigrants - multicultural
-English/Irish/Scot, German, African, French, Italian, Polish, Mexican
Languages and Religion
• English is dominant language, Spanish 2nd
• Religious breakdown:
- 85% Christian (56% Protestant, 28% Catholic)
- Jews, Muslims 2% each
Popular Culture
• Hollywood is filmmaking center of U.S.
• American music: jazz, blues, and rock ‘n’ roll
How Americans Live, Work, and Play
• Almost 50% of working-age Americans are employed
- almost half are women; 70% have service industry jobs
• More than 10% of Americans live in poverty
• Kids age 6 to16 are required to attend school
- 90% attend public schools, which are free through secondary school
• U.S. has over 2,300 4-year public and private colleges, universities
• Leisure activities: hobbies, museums, libraries, TV, films, computers
- sports: baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer, tennis, skiing
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