1. Cladocerans
Eurycercus sp., from Lake Mývatn, North Iceland (Photo: Árni Einarsson).
Bosmina sp. (photo by Tom Adams.)

2. Introduction
Abundance depends on nutrient availability, temperature, and predation
Few predacious most species are herbivores, feeding on phytoplankton
In large lakes they are a major food source for fish such as sticklebacks, minnows and young Sockeye salmon
Bosminidae, Daphniidae, Holopediidae, Leptodoridae, contain primarily or entirely planktonic species
Chydoridae, Macrothricidae and Moinidae contain primarily bottom-dwelling species

3. Cladocerans

4. Cladocerans

5. Cladocerans

6. Comparison by Zones

7. Comparison by Depths

8. Discussion
Bosmina are tolerant of a wide range of water chemistry, temperature and lake morphometry; common in Onondaga
Daphnia also tolerant and prefer cooler waters
Distribution of species in these lakes show trends in depth, temperature, and nutrient availability
Wolf Lake had the most variety of species
Deer and Arbutus only contained one species: Daphnia
due to the tolerance of the species to adverse conditions