1. Date of download: 10/10/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Turbulent Flows in Curved Pipes: Recent Advances in Experiments and Simulations
Appl. Mech. Rev. 2016;68(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Different pipe configurations: (a) straight pipe, (b) 90 deg bend, (c) helix, and (d) torus, showing how some parameters are defined. L, pipe length; D=2R, pipe diameter; Rc, curvature radius; c, coil radius; and 2πb, coil pitch. The torsion of a coil is defined as τ=b/(c2+b2).