1. Achievements & Challenges
The Great Depression and the welfare state

2. Achievements and Challenges: Economic Security & Social Justice
Essential Question: How did Canada establish economic security and social justice from the period of the Depression to the partition of the Constitution?
Essential Understanding:
The role of government and the division of powers and responsibilities in Canada’s federal system are subjects of ongoing negotiation.
The history of Canadian citizenship is characterized by an ongoing struggle to achieve equality and social justice for all.

3. Origins and Impact on people’s lives : The Roaring ‘20s
The First World War ended in 1918.
By 1924, Canada’s economy was booming.
Canada was selling lots of products to other countries (exports), especially wheat, newsprint, lumber, and minerals.
Within Canada, more people were buying consumer goods (cars, radios, etc.).
Industrialization assembly lines meant that mass produced consumer goods could be distributed quickly and more cheaply.
People now began to buy big items like cars on credit.
The stock market was booming, so investors also invested on credit.

4. Causes of the Great Depression
Many people borrowed too much money
Example: Farmers borrowed lots of money for farm equipment. They planned to pay it back after selling their wheat for higher prices.
However, buyers of the wheat in Europe were struggling with wartime debt. They could not afford the wheat, so demand and prices for Canada dropped sharply.
Farmers stopped buying new farm equipment, sop the people who manufactured the goods lost their jobs, etc.
The economy slowed, and banks wanted their payments.
People began selling their stocks to repay debt…

5. Causes of the Great Depression
Black Tuesday: October 29, Stock prices around the world plummeted.
Canadian stock exchanges lost approx. $1 million every minute the exchanges were open that day.
Many people lost their life savings and could not repay loans. Companies went out of business. Thousands of people lost their jobs.

6. Impact on People’s lives
All Canadians felt the impact of the economic bust
Unemployment was rampant.
In 1928, only 2.6% of Canadians were unemployed
By 1933, 26% of Canadians were unemployed
The prairies was hit hardest. At the height of the depression, 50% of the workforce was unemployed.
The Prairies
In 1928, a farmer earned 80 cents for a bushel of wheat. In 1932, he earned 35 cents.
Severe droughts began in 1930, lasting on and off for a decade.
Huge dust storms would block out the sun.
Many farmers had to look for work in the cities.

7. Historical Content to Study: The Great Depression and the welfare state
Government response:
R.B Bennett, Unemployment Relief Act (1931); relief camps and public service (1932); proposed New Deal in U.S. (1935); Canadian Wheat Board (1935); Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act (1935); and attempts to suppress Communism
Mobilization and Protest: protest marches, On-to-Ottawa trek (1935); Regina Riot (1935)
Trade Union movement: Workers Unity League; major strikes; creation of Congress of Industrial Organizations
New political parties: the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF); Union Nationale; Communist Party
The Welfare State
Old Age Incomes
Medicare
Unemployment Insurance
Family Allowance
Welfare
Task: Provide an understanding of the above events / terms. Suggested: Work in groups of This will not be handed in; it is for the final assignment. “Check in” with me. Information is in chapter 11 of your Shaping Canada textbook pp

8. sources
Adapted from Manitoba Education Curriculum: Social Studies Grade 11 Shaping Canada textbook