1. Photosynthesis

2. Photosynthesis light reactions (thylakoid)
6CO H2O gives C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Calvin cycle or dark reactions (stroma)
􀁡photoenergy is required (endergonic

3. Using the Spectroscope
􀁡view white light w/ spectroscope,record colors seen
􀁡view red, blue, and green filters w/
Spectroscope,record colors seen
􀁡view spinach extract w/ spectroscope,record colors seen

4. Using the Spectrophotometer
tube 1 spinach extract
tube 2 (blank) solvent
tube 3 carrot extract
􀁡 record %T from nm in 25nm
increments, graph
􀁡 100% T must be reset whenever λ is
changed % %

5. Chromatography solvent line carotenes = orange carotenoids
xanthophylls = yellow
chlorophyll a = blue-green chlorophylls
chlorophyll b = yellow-green
baseline

6. Chromatography, Rf values
􀁡Rf = pigment distance/solvent distance
􀁡affinity for the solvent = high Rf value
􀁡affinity for the paper = low Rf value
􀁡Staple finished chromatograms to report

7. Starch localization in leaves
􀁡Boiling the leaf in alcohol will remove the
pigments, it will turn white
􀁡flood leaf w/ iodine
iodine + starch = blue-black
Draw leaf in color before boiling and after staining.

8. Chloroplast Model Label chloroplast in your lab manual 􀁡outer membrane
􀁡inner membrane
􀁡intermembrane space
􀁡stroma (Calvin cycle or dark reactions)
􀁡thylakoid (light reactions), granum, grana