1. Therapy Chapter 17-1 objectives 1-3

2. History of Insane Treatment
Philippe Pinel in France and Dorthea Dix in America founded humane movements to care for the mentally sick.
Culver Pictures
Philippe Pinel ( )
Dorthea Dix ( )

3. A.) Therapies
1.) Psychotherapy involves an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and a mental patient.
2.) Biomedical therapy uses drugs or other procedures that act on the patient’s nervous system, curing him or her of psychological disorders.
OBJECTIVE 1| Contrast psychotherapy and the biomedical therapies, and explain how an eclectic approach or psychotherapy integration varies from either of these two main forms of therapy.
An 3.) eclectic approach uses various forms of healing techniques depending upon the client’s unique problems.

4. Psychoanalytical theory Humanistic theory Behavioral theory
We will look at four major forms of psychotherapies based on different theories of human nature:
Psychoanalytical theory
Humanistic theory
Behavioral theory
Cognitive theory
OBJECTIVE 2| Define psychoanalysis, and discuss the aims of this form of therapy.

5. B.) Psychoanalysis
The first formal psychotherapy to emerge was psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud.
Edmund Engleman
Sigmund Freud's famous couch

6. Psychoanalysis: Aims
1.) Since psychological problems originate from childhood repressed impulses and conflicts, the aim of psychoanalysis is to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness where the patient can deal with them.
2.) When energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts is released, the patient’s anxiety lessens.

7. Psychoanalysis: Methods
3.) Dissatisfied with hypnosis, Freud developed the method of free association to unravel the unconscious mind and its conflicts.
The patient lies on a couch and speaks about whatever comes to his or her mind.
OBJECTIVE 3| Describe some of the methods used in psychoanalysis, and list some criticisms of this form of therapy.

8. Psychoanalysis: Methods
4.) During free association, the patient edits his thoughts, resisting his or her feelings to express emotions. Such resistance becomes important in the analysis of conflict-driven anxiety.
5.) Eventually the patient opens up and reveals his or her innermost private thoughts, developing positive or negative feelings (transference) towards the therapist.

9. C.) Psychoanalysis: Criticisms
Psychoanalysis is hard to refute because it cannot be proven or disproven.
Psychoanalysis takes a long time and is very expensive.