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Civil Search and Rescue
Search operations, rescue operations, and associated civilian services provided to assist persons and property in potential or actual distress in a non-hostile environment - National SAR Plan of the United States According to the National SAR Plan of the United States, Civil Search and Rescue is defined as “Search operations, rescue operations, and associated civilian services provided to assist persons and property in potential or actual distress in a non-hostile environment.”
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Civil Search and Rescue
SAR covers the full spectrum -- From a lost hiker through a Complex Catastrophe AFRCC Activity since 2010: 38,853 Incidents 4,903 Missions Over Lives Saved since 2010
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Recent Policy Changes National SAR Plan Updated
SAR Services modified UAS for SAR delegated to CDRUSNORTHCOM Facilitates quicker response CDRUSNORTHCOM Guidance disseminated UAS Addendum to National SAR Supplement added CDRUSNORTHCOM designated SAR Coordinator for AK Adds AK SAR Region to USNORTHCOM responsibilities FRAGO released 24 Mar 16 implementing change
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Civil Search and Rescue
SAR Services IAW National SAR Plan Maritime SAR (water environment) Aeronautical (overdue, missing aircraft & SAR IVO airports) Land SAR (remote areas, swift water, caves, mountains) Collapsed Structure/US&R (including Military support of US&R) Utilization of specialized personnel, resources, & equipment Provision of initial assistance at or near the scene of distress (medical assistance, medical evacuation, food, shelter etc.) Delivery of survivors to a place of safety Mass Rescue Ops Catastrophic Incident Search and Rescue (CISAR) ISO ESF#9 General day & night Search operations Maritime rescue (involving rescue from a water environment) Aeronautical (including civil SAR assistance in the vicinity of airports) Land SAR (such as remote areas, swift water, caves, mountains, etc.) Urban Search and Rescue (involving rescue from collapsed structures) Provision of initial assistance at or near the scene of a distress situation (e.g., initial medical assistance or advice, medical evacuations, provision of needed food or clothing to survivors etc.) Delivery of survivors to a place of safety where further assistance can be provided, or further transportation arranged if necessary. Military support to Urban Search and Rescue (US&R), including “wellness checks” Mass Rescue Ops & Catastrophic Incident Search and Rescue (CISAR) SAR is not just a helicopter with a hoist…DOD can be called to provide, arrange, or support any SAR Services
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SAR Roles and Responsibilities
USNORTHCOM SAR Responsibilities SECDEF designated CDRUSNORTHCOM as the Inland SAR Coordinator for the contiguous 48 states (Langley Search & Rescue Region (SRR)) and Alaska (Dec 2015) CDRUSNORTHCOM serves as DOD lead in the USNORTHCOM AOR for matters pertaining to planning and operation of ESF#9 (DODI Sep 26, 2011) USNORTHCOM has additional Civil Support SAR responsibility/authorities. SAR may be requested outside of normal DSCA channels
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CDRUSNORTHCOM as SAR Coordinator
The SAR Coordinator is the federal person or agency with overall responsibility for establishing and providing civil SAR services for a U.S. SAR Region Develop SAR policy Establish, staff, equip & manage the SAR system Provide appropriate legal and funding support Establish RCCs and RSCs Provide or arrange for SAR facilities and SAR resources Coordinate SAR training and exercises SAR case suspension authority or delegation of authority (Vol II, IAMSAR Manual) Provide or arrange for SAR services for persons in potential or actual distress
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USNORTHCOM SAR Architecture
CDRUSNORTHCOM – SAR Coordinator (Inland) Peterson AFB, CO Strategic Responsibilities Policy, Guidance, Interagency Coord Federal ESF#9 CDR AFNORTH/JFACC – SAR Operations Coordinator Tyndall AFB, FL Operational Responsibilities Coordinates Resources COMALCOM – SAR Operations Coordinator Alaska JB Elmendorf Richardson, AK Operational Responsibilities Coordinates Resources AFRCC (Air Force Rescue Coordination Center) AFNORTH AOC, Tyndall AFB, FL Routine & MRO SAR coord for Inland SRR (Langley) Key in State Coord & Training Initiate Catastrophic Incident SAR (CISAR) NC JPRC (Joint Personnel Recovery Center) AFNORTH AOC, Tyndall AFB, FL Joint, Deployable Operational & Tactical PR-SAR Planners Fill ESF#9/CISAR Federal nodes as required AKRCC (Alaska Rescue Coordination Center) ALCOM AOC, JBER, AK Routine & MRO SAR coord for AK SRR (Elmendorf) Key in State Coord. & Training Initiate Catastrophic Incident SAR (CISAR)
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SAR Roles and Responsibilities ESF #9
Emergency Support Function #9 – Search and Rescue Annex ESF Coordinator: Department of Homeland Security/ Federal Emergency Management Agency Primary Agencies: Department of Homeland Security/ Federal Emergency Management Agency Department of Homeland Security/ U.S Coast Guard Dept. of the Interior/National Park Service Department of Defense Support Agencies: Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of Transportation National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. Agency for International Development Purpose: ESF-9 deploys Federal SAR resources to provide lifesaving assistance to local, state, tribal, and territorial authorities, including local SAR Coordinators and Mission Coordinators, when there is an actual or anticipated request for Federal SAR assistance USNORTHCOM & USPACOM have responsibility for planning and ops as Primary Agency in ESF#9
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State/Local SAR Responsibilities
State SAR Coordinators “State and local authorities are responsible for land based SAR and designate a person as SAR Coordinator within their jurisdictions” [NSP] “State SAR Coordinators are integral partners of the National SAR Coordinators and are critical to providing effective Civil SAR services” “State SAR Coordinator is the designated SAR official during a major SAR incident” [CISAR Addendum] “Encourage States and local authorities to develop plans which are in support of the NSS and CISAR” [CISAR Addendum] By definition, for civil SAR there is a one-to-one correlation between a rescue coordination center (RCC) and its associated search and rescue region (SRR). RCCs are, however, expected to handle operational coordination with U.S. and foreign RCCs responsible for other SRRs whenever appropriate. An SRR may have one or more sub-divisions called search and rescue sub-regions (SRSs), within which all or part of the RCC’s function is assumed by a rescue sub-center (RSC) under the oversight of the RCC. SAR Coordinators may also establish an RSC with specified functional duties, but no geographic responsibilities, e.g., to handle a subset of an RCCs communications or SAR responsibilities (National SAR Supplement, p. 1-2). By written SAR Agreement or appropriate request, the State/ local SAR Coordinators are the supported entity for ALL SAR ops conducted within their jurisdiction
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Recent Civil SAR Incidents (Hurricane Sandy)
Hurricane Sandy occurred Oct 29, 2012 117 US Civilian Deaths and > $75B in damage 50,000 USAF & Natl Guard Members were on Standby prior to landfall USNORTHCOM Coordinated and provided SAR Support to FEMA Urban SAR Task Forces Urban Search & Rescue teams searched over 47,000 structures and rescued 38 survivors Military rotary wing lift extremely valuable to FEMA US&R TFs Persistent SAR was required -- i.e. follow-on life sustaining support
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Recent Civil SAR Incidents (Hurricane Joaquin)
Hurricane Joaquin occurred on 02 Oct w/historic flash flooding across North & South Carolina > 25 deaths attributed to the weather Hundreds of people required rescue More than 1,300 NG soldiers and 250 state troopers mobilized ESF&9 & federal resources deployed Uncertain of the requirement because of changing weather USNORTHCOM response included all CAT II SAR capability on PTDO & C2 in place, forward deployed planners Well positioned to respond, if necessary
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Civil SAR Challenges Encountered
Response time USNORTHCOM rapid access to forces Proactive deployment Process and funding to get SAR resources Cannot wait for Mission Assignments with funding stream to get SAR Services Incident Management Identify authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) Supporting relationships are key Organizational Command, Control & Coordination Joint Task Force (JTF X with TF SAR) Dual Status Commander (DSC) Joint Task Force (JTF). Based on the complexity and type of incident, and the anticipated level of DOD resource involvement, USNORTHCOM or USPACOM may designate a JTF to command military activities in support of DSCA incident objectives. DOD civil SAR forces will normally be coordinated by a SAR or Joint Personnel Recovery Liaison within the JTF; these liaison officers will "plug-in" to and coordinate DOD support with the respective SAR Branches of the Federal Joint Field Office (JFO) and/or the State Emergency Operations Centers (if established). (CISAR Addendum, p. 25)
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Three Components of Response
Organizational C2 Gathering Resources Incident Management
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Three Components of SAR
Organizational C2 Gathering Resources Incident Management
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Ways to get Federal / DOD SAR Support
Civil Authority – Direct to a DOD Official (i.e., Help Sheriff’s Office find a missing hiker) Civil Authority – Direct to a Rescue Coordination Center (RCC will coordinate SAR Services) Civil Authority – Submit Written Request with Commitment to Reimburse Image retrieved from Wikipedia Commons and is marked as a work of a Federal Emergency Management Agency employee, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As works of the U.S. federal government, all FEMA images are in the public domain in the United States. Additional media usage information may be found at Less Time More Time
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Ways to get Federal/DOD SAR support
Civil Authority - direct to a DOD Official (US and territories only) May respond under Immediate Response Authority (IAW DODD ) Civil Authority - to Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) RCC will coordinate SAR services IAW SAR Coordinator responsibilities (IAW National SAR Plan & National SAR Supplement) DOD policy to respond IAW DODI DoD shall support requests for civil SAR to the fullest extent practicable on a non-interference basis with primary military duties… Each Participant will fund its own activities….unless otherwise arranged in advance, and will not allow cost reimbursement to delay response Civil Authority - submit written request w/commitment to reimburse (DODD ) Normally after ESF#9 activated CDRUSNORTHCOM is DOD lead in the USNORTHCOM AOR for planning and operation of ESF#9 (IAW DODI , Sep ) Normally associated w/Mission Assignment, FEMA surge acct or post Dec
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T10 Response – How fast we bring it…
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Immediate Response Authority Requests
DOD officials may provide an immediate response by employing resources to: save lives , prevent human suffering, mitigate great property damage (NRF May 13, p. 19) Expanded guidance for utilization of Immediate Response Authority for DSCA in Complex Catastrophes (Policy Memo 9 Dec 2013) Federal departments provide immediate lifesaving agreements under their own authorities/funding, under reciprocal mutual assistance agreements, no requirement for Stafford Act declaration (NRF May 13, p. 29) DOD responded with immediate SAR assistance during Colorado floods 2014
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RCC Coordinated Services
SAR Regions have an associated Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) established by the appropriate SAR Coordinator (CISAR Addendum, p. 18) RCCs perform the SAR Mission Coordinator function to coordinate response to an actual or apparent distress situation (CISAR Addendum, p. 18) When appropriate for lifesaving, Federal agencies that conduct SAR operations generally have authority to respond immediately
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CJCS DSCA EXORD Capabilities
Categories of DSCA Response Forces There are four categories of DSCA response forces. (The composition of Category 1, 2, 3, & 4 Response Forces are discussed in the current and the following four slides). CAT 1 Assigned and Allocated Forces All assigned and allocated Forces (incl. CBRN) Joint Personnel Recovery Center (JPRC) 1 2 3 4 5 Days <24hr Deploy
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CJCS DSCA EXORD Capabilities
CAT 2 Pre-Identified Resources (24hr source + 24hr PTDO) 4 utility med/hvy lift helicopters or tilt- rotor AC w/ C2, spt pers/equip 14 utility light/med lift helos or tilt-rotor AC (SAR w/hoist) w/ C2, spt pers/equip Aerial SAR Package 3 SAR dedicated helos or tilt-rotor assets capable of (HAAR)/tilt-rotor air-to-air (TAAR),(NVG), rescue hoist equipped and FLIR, 2 fixed wing aircraft for HAAR/TAAR, NVG Ops and FLIR, equipped 24hr Source 24hr PTDO 1 2 3 4 5 Days Deploy to AO
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CJCS DSCA EXORD Capabilities
CAT 2 Pre-Identified Resources (24hr source + 24hr PTDO) Aerial SAR Package (continued) 2 para rescue teams (2X 7 PRM UTC) capable of FW/RW airland or airdrop insertion of SAR team insertion and equipment Appropriate C2 for sustained ops; (up to 10 days) One Incident Awareness & Assessment (IAA) aircraft (w/LOS data link/FMV) 3 satellite comm sys & teams to integrate w/ROVERs 3 ROVER video receive systems w/ retrans capability of FMV to National Command
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CJCS DSCA EXORD Capabilities
CAT 4 Large Scale Response Resources SAR Package 12 SAR capable Helos 3 SAR helos/2 Para rescue teams 2 fixed wing 2 Portable ATC towers 1 Air Ground Coordination cell 1 Airborne C2 Platform IAA Force Package Only a guide, not limited to the above Deploy to AO 1 2 3 4 5 Days Source + 96 hr PTDO
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Three Components of SAR
Organizational C2 Gathering Resources Incident Management
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Federal SAR Coordination Group (FSARCG)
Comprised of ESF #9 Primary Agency Reps (FEMA, USCG, NPS, DOD) Enables timely communication & coordination Identifies accurate capability gaps Coordinates among agencies Ensures the right SAR resources are at the right places at the right time Bottom Line: Not a C2 entity--Primary and Support agency coordination enables more efficient interoperable execution Improves efficiency and effectiveness of Federal SAR resources. Will be requested from FEMA National (Top Down)
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Planning/Coordination/Agreements
MOAs for Routine SAR, CDRUSNORTHCOM has delegated that authority to CDR AFNORTH USNORTHCOM highly encourages and recommends collaborative preplanning and coordination for Catastrophic Incident SAR USNORTHCOM encourages agreements that address CISAR Separate MOA may be most appropriate CDRUSNORTHCOM will be involved in CISAR Playbook development Shared understanding of roles, responsibilities and expectations will ensure a properly sequenced, synchronized, and integrated response in time to save every life possible
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Catastrophic Incident SAR Addendum
National Guidance & Standardization Simplify the integration and operation of non-local organization resources to enable efficient & effective SAR operations in support of state and local governments in the event of a catastrophic event Federal SAR responders’ guide when an emergency or disaster is declared and CISAR operations are conducted under the provisions of the National Response Framework Expectation Management: States, Tribes, Territories, and local governments need to know what to expect when Federal SAR responds Guideline for state / tribe / city / county SAR Plan development Direct Lessons Learned and implemented from Hurricane Katrina… There was no operational plan Mandatory for USNORTHCOM forces unless AHJ directs otherwise
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Catastrophic Incident SAR (CISAR) Addendum
The Federal CISAR Addendum provides a concise description of the Federal Government’s civil SAR response to catastrophic incidents. A catastrophic incident is defined as any natural or manmade incident that results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, or government functions (NRF p. 1)
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Catastrophic Incident SAR Addendum
Anticipated Presidential Declaration (Emergency or Disaster) ESF #9 Activated Joint Federal Coordinator (JFC) Direction JPRC/SAR SMEs – SAR Planning & Ops Overall Primary Agency Designation Coordinate Planning & Integration Unified Federal SAR Response A catastrophic incident is any incident, including terrorism, that results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption, severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, or governmental functions. Civil SAR is carried out as all or part of the response to an emergency or disaster that is declared by the President under provisions of the National Response Framework and ESF-9 activated. Presidential declaration and ESF-9 activated is required. Critical to consider response times and pre-positioning of assets thru anticipated impact area/state requirements & MAs. Critical for JPRC to develop/establish integration at State and NGB level. Authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) manage the incident
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Civil Search and Rescue Tiered SAR Response
Response Level Trigger Search Rescue Transport Resources Full Federal > 3000 persons in distress By request of SEOC/IC Full ESF#9/NC SAR Enterprise response Full DOD IAA and Search Support By request of SEOC/IC Full ESF#9/DOD Aill Domain SAR Assets Add’l DOD Rescue Packages as required By request of SEOC/IC Full Air/Ground Transportation support Full Federal ESF#9 Primary and Support Agency Response State & EMAC persons in distress By request of SEOC/IC Full DOD IAA support Add’l Search Capabilities deploy By request of SEOC/IC DOD Rescue unique assets deploy DOD Rescue Surge assets deploy By request of SEOC/IC Multiple DOD unique and surge transportation modes activated Lily Pad Enabling Capability Assistance ESF#9 DOD Fwd Deploy Select ESF#9 Prim/Spt Agencies Coord MAs follow State & Local persons in distress EMAC By request of SEOC/IC DOD Immed Resp onse DOD Support to Civil SAR under auth of NSP NCRCC Coord Support Select DOD IAA EMAC By request of SEOC/IC DOD Support to Civil SAR under auth of NSP NCRCC Coord Spt National Guard Avn & Search/Extraction EMAC Full mobilization of State & local transportation assets Fed Air Coordination Group (ACG) activated (Aero MEDEVAC) ESF#9 Activation NCRCC Coord DOD Support/Assets PTDO anticipated and/or add’l reqmts Coord MAs follow 2X AA CO, 2X GA CO 2X EMEDS + 25 1X SMART LOG TM 1X AELT 1X AEOT 2X MASF 1X CASF (100 PTS) IR AMBULANCE COMPANY, 2X GROUND AMBULANCE COMPANIES, 2X EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT BASIC + 25 (EMEDS+25), 1X SPECIAL MEDICAL AUGMENTATION RESPONSE TEAM-LOG (SMART LOG), 1X AERO-MEDICAL EVACUATION LIASON TEAM (AELT), 1X AERO-MEDICAL EVACUATION OPERATIONS TEAM (AEOT), 2X MOBLE AERO-MEDICAL STAGING FACILITY+20 BED(MASF+20), 1X CONTINGENCY AERO-MEDICAL STAGING FACILITY (WITH 100 PATIENT HOLD CAPABILITY (CASF). Local/Mutual Aid persons in distress XX add’l Search Teams w/in 4 hrs TF Avn Support CAP Regional USCG XX add’l Rescue Teams w/in 4 hrs TF Avn Support Regional USCG Multiple mutual aid agreements activated for transportation capabilities Local + Adjacent county/municipal USCG/other Fed SAR via AFRCC Local < 350 persons in distress Coordinated by Local EM/(IC) and executed by local Fire/Rescue Teams Local USCG Coordinated by local EM/(IC)and executed by local Fire/Rescue Teams Local USCG Local transportation Local First Responders USCG/other Fed SAR via AFRCC
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SAR Resource Requirements
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Three Components of SAR
Organizational C2 Gathering Resources Incident Management
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USNORTHCOM SAR SME Roles in the JTF
The Dual Status CDR (DSC) led JTF will likely establish a JOC to serve as a focal point (NCP 3-20) The USNORTHCOM SAR SME at the JOC is responsible to the Current Ops Chief for tracking & reporting status of all ongoing all domain SAR missions The SAR SME is responsible to the T10 Deputy CDR & DSC for all SAR related activities within the JOA (NCP 3-20) Reference USNORTHCOM Pub 3-20, p The DSC led JTF will likely establish a JOC to serve as a focal point for all operational and intelligence (see para ) matters. The JOC is led by the chief of operations. The SAR SME is responsible to the T10 Deputy Commander and DSC for all SAR related activities within the JOA for the DSC led JTF. In a JOC role, the SAR SME is responsible to the Current Operations Chief for tracking and reporting status of all ongoing all domain SAR missions within the JOA. The SAR SME also provides subject matter expertise regarding SAR operations to the DSC led JTF chain of command as required. Depending on the needs of the State, the SAR SME may not be collocated at the JTF. NC/J36 will dictate the best location to place the SAR SME pre, during and post event. The ideal location of the SAR SME is often at the SAR center of gravity, that location where tactical decisions on the use of DOD SAR assets are being made.
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Military Support to Urban SAR (US&R)
FEMA identified need – augments existing 28 Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Task Forces in event of a large scale, collapsed structure SAR event Driven by SAR search objectives(s) – Through Primary Search in 72 hours Military support can increase capability up to 4x Sourced by combination of skilled response by Nat’l Guard CERFP/ HRF Search and Extraction (S/E) Elements and General Purpose troop support CONOPS presented to FEMA in Aug ’11; continuing to refine Incorporated into National Level Exercises; continuing to refine Part of Complex Catastrophe initiative – Mass Search and Rescue
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Military Support to Urban SAR (cont)
N+0: ESF #9 Teleconference (N = Notification) FEMA initiates military support RFA USNORTHCOM coordinates response Required Airlift identified N+6: FEMA US&R TFs and NG S/E Elements prepare to deploy Travel by ground < 400 miles Travel by air > 400 miles Phased response N+24: Initial Military augmenting forces on-scene, trained and ready to commence operations N+72: Primary Searches complete SAR operations normally not effective after incident +72 hours Begin transition to Recovery Operations
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Keys to Success SAR is a time critical (72 hours) lifesaving mission area To be successful, SAR capability must be pushed Local/State Lead (Incident Management) But multiple Agency Coordination/support Supporting relationships (not C2) is proven successful Air Coordination Plan is a best practice Including: Mission Altitude Stratification Mission prioritizations Compatible Communications Use of CISAR Addendum/NIMS/ICS Integrated Planning (Playbooks) by all agencies is critical No one agency can handle every contingency themselves Thresholds and gaps pre identified
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Key Partners: FEMA, USTRANSCOM, USCG, DOI/NPS, NGB
UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Search and Rescue Concept Strat Air ~6hrs C-130/V-22 ~ 12 hrs Helos w/HAR~1+ days Summary: All rescue capability Initially operating under Immediate Response and AFRCC/USCG coordination Additional SAR capability coordinated through AFRCC/USCG Mass Rescue Operations ESF#9 activated, Overall Primary Agency designated, Federal SAR Coordination Group Deployed US&R TFs: 24 Alerted, 18 Activated, 12 initially deployed USNORTHCOM proactively deploys DSCA CAT 1 & 2 forces, RFFs for CAT 4+ in anticipation of RFAs DoD to provide strat lift for Central and East US&R TFs and significant military support capability WA TF-1 State asset Not avail for Fed tasking AF RCC All West Division US&R TFs drive Northern CA US&R TFs State Assets Not Avail for Fed tasking USMC/AFSOC M/CV-22s Miramar, Cherry Pt/Cannon, Hurlburt AF Rescue (Total Force) AZ, CA, FL, GA, NV, NY, OR Primary Tasks: Initial Search & IAA, Strategic lift to support US&R TFs, Theater Opening, Rotary wing SAR and tactical lift, over-horizon comm, Landing/Pick up operations; medical response, collapsed structure , Military support to US&R Central and East Division US&R TFs require DoD lift Washington Rqmts: Initial SAR plan—shelter in place, then re-supply/evacuate; 8 SAR dedicated w hoist 3x HAAR C-130s; 50 GA; 39 tilt rotor/med-lift RW; 7 heavy-lift RW; 2x CAB; ARG with SPMAGTF (afloat); 200 LMTVs w operators Impacted Areas Oregon Rqmts: 1.5 CAB; ARG with SPMAGTF (afloat); 8 SAR RW; 30 GA; 3xHAAR C-130s; 60 tilt rotor/med-lift RW; 7 heavy lift RW; 200 LMTVs with operators; Northern California Rqmts: 9 SAR RW; 25 med-lift RW/tilt rotor; 3xHAAR C-130s; 16 GA; 150 LMTVs with operators SAR Script: Self Deployable SAR capable platforms: Helo A/R capable Fixed Wing: Marine KC-130s –Miramar, NAS, CA; Cherry Pt, NC ANG HC-130s – Moffett NAS, CA; Sulfolk, NY AFRES HC-130s – Davis Monthan (DM), AZ; Patrick AFB, FL AD HC-130s: DM, AZ; Moody AFB, GA Vertical Lift capability: Marine MV-22s – Miramar NAS, CA; Cherry Point, NC AFSOC CV-22s – Cannon AFB, NM AF SAR HH-60s ANG: Moffett NAS, Sulfolk, NY AFRES: DMAFB, AZ; Patrick AFB, FL AD : DMAFB, AZ; Nellis AFB, NV; Moody AFB, GA Intro: The overarching objective of the logistics concept of support is to ensure that DOD response forces are self-sustaining so as not burden or compete with survivors or state and federal emergency responders. The logistics concept is predicated on providing internal logistics support to DOD T10 response forces within the affected area. Federal DOD installations proximate to the incident area will be extensively leveraged as Base Support Installations (BSIs) to provide support for JRSOI of T10 forces, commodity requisition and issue, life support for T10 forces within the capability of installation resources and general logistics support on an area basis for all DOD T10 and T32 forces. Four DOD federal installations are proximate to the incident area and have enough logistics capability to be considered as primary BSIs in support of Title 10 response forces. These installations individually, or in tandem would serve s primary requisition activities for common user logistics requirements (fuel, food, water) and critical services. Logistics support would be provided on an area basis to support T10 response forces either operating from the installation or from forward operating bases (FOBs) close to the incident. Time of incident: The timeline across the bottom covers key events that will occur from the time of incident through 15 days. At the time of incident, immediate response forces have the ability to assist as necessary. Immediate Response DOD forces, National Guard, and USACE Engineers are expected to be on scene immediately following the incident. BSIs are identified and operational within the first 12 hours. Primary BSI of choice is Edwards AFB. FEMA ISBs are identified and established NLT 24 hours. - JTF-PO is capable of being deployed and in place NLT 24 hours. DCRF begins movement into JOA. The DCRF has the capability to rapidly deploy and meet a significant amount of MA requirements. The DCRF deploys in two Force Packages and can close within 5 days given adequate infrastructure. Vulnerability/Gap Majority of DCRF Force Package 1 is planned to go via airlift. Approximately 2300 PAX and 13.5K short tons of the entire DCRF (5300 PAX & 18K ST) are planned to deploy via ground. If airfields/roads are not usable/passable, the DCRF deployment will extend beyond 7 days. - Mitigation Rotary and tactical airlift units will have to quickly be RFF’d to assist DCRF units in deployment. This will further stress the airlift enterprise. By N+48hrs, DLA will be using local, regional, and national contracts to support initial commodity deliveries to identified BSIs & ISBs. As requirements grow, DLA will be preparing their supply chains to surge production and will push commodities into the JOA. DLA anticipates a need for its expeditionary depot capability and will deploy that ICW USNORTHCOM/J4 and will coordinate support in the JOA from one of the two DLA Distribution Centers in the area. By N+96hrs, DLA expects to be executing sustained deliveries to BSIs/ISBs. AMC has the capability to provide immediate support in the So Cal AO leveraging Army assets. Immediately deploys 2 Contract Ready Teams from the 412th Contracting Support BDE in San Antonio, TX, once RFF is processed by ARNORTH. Just like during HC Sandy AMC will forward deploy an Army Field Support Brigade (AFSB) Team to each BSI that which plugs into the 167TSC AMC can provide reach back Logistics support through Ft Irwin Logistics Readiness Centers (LRC) represented by the yellow box. Sierra Army Depot (SIAD) which is a storage and repair Depot represented by the red dot just north of Reno, NV. AMC Military Ocean Terminal Concord is located in the San Francisco area represented by the orange hexagon as an optional Port . LOGCAP is a capability option if a forward operating base needs to be established - There is limited Army/AMC capabilities near this scenario location, but AMC can rapidly bring assets into the AOR. Aeromedical Evacuation: CA has identified need to move 12,000 patients; C - By N+48, coordinate aeromedical evacuation with DCO, USTC & DHHS NDMS (DOD) Aeromedical Airfields: Ontario Int’l, March AFB, Bob Hope airport, Los Alamitos Army Airfield USTC would most likely request AE assets from other COCOMs and use all available NG AE assets to increase 140 patient per APOE capability. CRAF AE capability could also be potentially activated and used to increase capability. FEMA’s national ambulance contract (AMR) will be used to augment DOD’s AE capability (using AMR rotary wing and single engine aircraft) ICW USTC and services, determine potential JLOTS requirements and locations. -DoD Immediate Response, -AFRCC/USCG begin Mass Rescue Coord FEMA Activate ESF#9 -Deploy FSARCG -Activate 18/Deploy 12 US&R TFs -NC Deploy CAT 1,2; RFF CAT 4 + -Request to active ANG/AFRES SAR Forces US&R teams ready to launch RCC requested self-deployable DoD SAR assets start arriving Secondary Search/SAR Services/Wellness Checks continue until released N+2hr N+4hr N+6hr N+12hr N + 24 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Initial US&R TF Strat Movement USNC Coordinate Strat lift (CAT 2) CAT 1 Movement First FEMA TFs in theater CAT 2 Movement Air lifted DoD SAR assets begin arriving Objective : Primary Search Completed CAT 4 Ready to Move Key Partners: FEMA, USTRANSCOM, USCG, DOI/NPS, NGB As of: 18 Feb 16 As of: 28 MAR 14
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USNORTHCOM Initial SAR Actions
RCC will begin Mass Rescue Coordination Execute SAR Concept IAW Playbook PTDO / Deploy CAT II SAR forces Deploy TF SAR & JPRC Support FEMA with FSARCG & Strat Lift Anticipate Military support to US&R Conduct analysis of CBRN SAR capability Submit RFF for additional forces Continuous strategic assessments
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Way ahead Comprehensive SAR/PR strategy Working with BIA & Tribes
Over 19 in R10 playing Modernization Formal SAR training AK/Arctic issues Continued regional planning With pre-drafted RFFs/MAs etc.
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How you can help Help educate and get the word out
Open lines of communication during planning and during an event Assist with regional SAR planning Assist with State planning Understand when and where federal assistance may be required Participate in Playbook development Help us ID any outliers/regional specific issues Goal is for all participants to clearly understand Process to get resources Incident Management Organizational C2 Shared understanding of roles, responsibilities and expectations ensures a properly sequenced, synchronized, and integrated response in time to save every life possible
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Conclusion and Parting Thoughts
SAR is a time critical mission 72 hour window (may last longer) SAR will be responding as JTF is standing up SAR is not routine DSCA Several methods of requesting SAR services CDRUSNORTHCOM has additional SAR Responsibilities and Authorities— SAR Coordinator responsibility provides foundation USNORTHCOM will utilize all authorities in EXORD (not wait for an MA) Will deploy SAR capability to be ready to employ when DSC/AHJ needs SAR All 4 federal Primary agencies will be responding proactively Anticipate top down MAs from FEMA to position forces
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SAR Assistance Fed/SAR Planner SME Support NSARC Working Groups
State/Regional SAR Workshops & Plans SAR Orientation Training Dual Status Commander (DSC) Joint Enabling Capability (JEC) SAR Expertise Points of Contact Lt Col James Woosley AFRCC/CC DSN: Mr. Joseph “Tractor” Sokol Chief, USNORTHCOM SAR-PR DSN: LTC Scott Allen USNORTHCOM JPRC DSN:
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Coordination with National Guard
USNORTHCOM J35 SAR/PR works closely w/ NGB J3, ANG and ARNG AVS Open lines of communication during an event USNORTHCOM JPRC & J36 SAR Operations Specialists participate in planning and exercises and are part of Joint Enabling Capability Assist with state planning Understand when and where Federal assistance may be required Part of a JTF under a Dual Status Commander Goal is for all participants to clearly understand Process to get resources Incident Management Organizational C2 Shared understanding of roles, responsibilities and expectations ensures a properly sequenced, synchronized, and integrated response in time to save every life possible
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Civil Search and Rescue
Recent Initiatives UAS for SAR SECDEF has delegated authority to SAR Coordinators Recently used in CA SECDEF has designated transfer of SAR Coordinator responsibilities for Alaska to CDRUSNORTHCOM Collaborative, proactive planning for CISAR Thorough mission analysis by FEMA Region Incorporated into Regional Playbooks
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National Response Framework (NRF)
The NRF is a guide that: Details how the Nation conducts all-hazards response…from the smallest incident to the largest disaster Is built on scalable, flexible, and adaptable concepts identified in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Stafford Act Aligns key roles and responsibilities across jurisdictions, linking all levels of government, private sector, and non-governmental organizations in a unified approach Coordinates Federal assistance without need for formal trigger; is the foundation for Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) and the Mission Assignment (MA) process which affect N-NC DSCA response efforts Is always in effect but can be partially or fully implemented as necessary The NRF is a guide that details how the Nation conducts all-hazards response to a domestic incident—from the smallest incident to the largest catastrophe. The NRF describes how all levels apply key response principles for a coordinated, effective national response. The NRF updates the National Response Plan, which was published in Dec 2004, and incorporates lessons learned from natural disasters such as hurricanes Katrina and Rita, special events, the London Bombings, as well as national, regional and local exercises. The NRF builds on NIMS, which is the National Incident Management System, which is an integrated emergency management process used at all levels that describes how first responders from different jurisdictions and disciplines can work together.
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Key Civil SAR Guidance DOD Instruction , DOD Support to Civil Search and Rescue (SAR) DOD Directive E, Personnel Recovery in the DOD DOD Directive , Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) DOD Directive , The Use of the National Guard for DSCA International Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Manual National Search and Rescue Plan of the United States National SAR Supplement Catastrophic Incident SAR Addendum to the National SAR Supplement to the International Aeronautical & Maritime SAR Manual (US responders will use it) National Response Framework (NRF) Emergency Support Function # 9, Search and Rescue Arctic SAR Agreement International SAR Advisory Group (INSARAG) There are number of resources available for more information. You are encouraged to explore the Civil SAR guidance, in particular the National Response Framework (or NRF).
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Emergency Support Functions (ESFs)
ESFs = the primary Fed coordinating structures for delivering response core capabilities DOD is a supporting agency for all ESFs with the exception of: ESF-9 where DOD is one four primary agencies (FEMA, DOI, DHS/USCG, and DOD); and ESF-3 where USACE under its civilian DOD authorities is the primary agency
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What they may need Planning capability:
Specialized Personnel for Planning and Ops SAR Coordination and Air Coordination ability Access to specialized assets Search capability Medical response and casualty evacuation Technical rescue (PJs) Movement of SAR team support General enabling tasks Logistics support
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National Response Framework - Coordination Structures
Regional Level National Level Field Level NIMS Role Multiagency Coordination System Unified Coordination Group (UCG) Domestic Resilience Group (DRG) Multiagency Coordination Entity Strategic coordination Multiagency Coordination Centers/EOCs Support and coordination National Ops Center (NOC)/ National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) Local Emergency Operations Center State Emergency Operations Center Joint Field Office (JFO) Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC) Incident Command Directing on-scene emergency management Domestic Resilience Group: The Domestic Resilience Group (DRG) is a White House led structure facilitating a comprehensive, integrated and coordinated approach to domestic incident management. DRG members provide decision-making support to the White House and the Secretary of Homeland Security and other national authorities during periods of elevated alert and national-level domestic incidents. Under the Bush Administration it was called the Domestic Readiness Group. A NIMS-ICS Area Command is established as needed due to the complexity/number of incidents (span of control). Area Command Incident Command Post (ICP) Incident Command Post (ICP) Incident Command Post (ICP)
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DSCA Common Terms of Reference
Request for Assistance (RFA): A request based on mission requirements and expressed in terms of desired outcome, formally asking the Department of Defense to provide assistance to a local, state, tribal, or other federal agency. Also called RFA. Mission Assignment (MA): the mechanism used to support Federal operations in a Stafford Act major disaster or emergency declaration [FEMA form ] A work order (contract) issued by FEMA to a Federal agency directing completion of a specific task, and citing funding, other managerial controls, and guidance Given in anticipation/response to POTUS declaration of major disaster or emergency Two types; Direct Fed Assistance to State is subject to cost sharing (75/25%) Pre-Scripted Mission Assignment (PSMA): A statement of work and projected cost estimate written prior to an event by the Primary Department / Agency (D/A) of an Emergency Support Function that has been evaluated and mutually agreed upon by FEMA and the Primary D/A designated in a mission assignment. (In the case of DOD, PSMAs are coordinated vs. approved). Required by law that all agencies have PSMAs; reviewed once a year DOD PSMAs staffed with OSD (ASD/HD), JDOMS, Services, N-NC Helps FEMA and other agencies understand DOD capabilities that may be requested Sources: DOD Dictionary, NRF Glossary, FEMA for , DOD Directive , Defense Support of Civil Authorities
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CJCS DSCA EXORD Capabilities Jun 13
CAT 1 Assigned and Allocated Forces CCDR can place on PTDO ; deploy after notifying CJCS & SECDEF; can employ upon receipt CCDR validated & approved PA RFA & after notifying CJCS & SECDEF CAT 2 Pre-Identified Resources (24hr source + 24 hr PTDO) CCDR can coordinate directly w/force providers to identify, place on 24-hr PTDO after notifying CJCS & SECDEF; req force providers deploy forces to AOR/JOA after notifying CJCS & SECDEF (reasonable expectation of a PA RFA); employ upon receipt of CCDR validated & approved PA RFA & after notifying CJCS & SECDEF Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO)/Defense Coordinating Element NORTHCOM Joint Enabling Capability (JEC) All assigned and allocated Forces (Including CBRN) Joint Personnel Recovery Center (JPRC) DOD installations as Base Support Installations 8 MAFFS-capable C-130 aircraft w/crews & appropriate C2/support ISO NIFC ops DOD civilian NIFC-qualified firefighters (volunteers) DCO/DCE 4 utility med/hvy lift helicopters or tilt-rotor AC w/ C2, spt pers/equip 14 utility light/med lift helos or tilt-rotor AC (SAR w/hoist) w/ C2, spt pers/equip Aerial SAR Package; 3 SAR dedicated helos or tilt-rotor assets capable of (HAAR)/tilt-rotor air-to-air (TAAR),(NVG), rescue hoist equipped and FLIR, 2 fixed wing aircraft for HAAR/TAAR, NVG Ops and FLIR, equipped 2 para rescue teams (2X 7 PRM UTC) capable of fixed-wing and rotary wing airland or airdrop insertion of SAR team insertion and equipment; Appropriate C2 for sustained operations; (up to 10 days) C2 Comms support pkgs (C4 planning spt team, Initial/early entry pkg) One IAA aircraft (w/Line of sight data link/FMV downlink) USTRANSCOM initial NDMS patient movement capability and enabling assets DOD NDMS Federal Coordinating Centers (FCC) Deployable medical platform (EMEDS or early entry team) USTRANSCOM personnel to staff a Deployment Distribution Operations Center (DDOC)– USNORTHCOM Forward 1 Joint Task Force – Port Opening 8 planners to provide SME 1 Deployable Global Broadcasting System (GBS) and team 3 Rover video receive systems w/ retrans capability of FMV to NC 3 satellite comm sys and teams to integrate w/Rover systems . Also must be off-road vehicle capable. Modular aerial spray system (MASS) capable C-130 aircraft, crews, w/ C2, spt pers/equip Strat Transportation-Trans for personnel, equipment and supplies 10 WC-130 Hurricane Hunter A/C & crews w/C2, supt pers/equip iSO NOAA CAT 3 Resources for Internal Use (24hr source + 24hr PTDO) CCDR can coordinate directly w/force providers to source; place on 24-hr PTDO after notifying CJCS & SECDEF; req force providers deploy forces to AOR/JOA after notifying CJCS & SECDEF; employ after notifying CJCS & SECDEF. Forces may be deployed/employed w/or w/o PA RFA. Forces w/o RFA limited to supporting DOD internal reqmts. One Mobile Public Affairs Detachment One Joint Public Affairs support element or team (2 AF, 2 USN/USMC) 4 Combat Camera teams each w/5 members. 1 team MAFFS qualified DOD NDMS bed status reporting capability MED Force Pkg: Med Log; Preventive Medicine; 3 Civil Authority Info Support Element (CAISE) LNOs One Director of Mobility Forces – Air Base Support Installations 2 Religious support team (Deploy with EMEDS) Maritime Command Element Theater Opening Force Pkg: Cbt Sustainment Spt Btl; Human Resources Element (JRSOI), Cargo Transfer Contracting support element and DLA initial response Team One of the main things that the current EXORD does is define specific categories of forces that SecDef delegates the CCDR the authority to go straight to the Force Providers (the Services and supporting CCDRs) to transfer to the requested force to USNORTHCOM. If the Force Provider agrees, the force is transferred to NC who transfers OPCON to a Component for employment. This chart summarizes the 4 categories of forces, the specific authorities WRT each and the forces contained therein. Of note is the fact that if the force provider does not agree to the transfer, the RFF process is reverted to as a default. Category 1: Assigned and allocated forces: Authorizes the supported Combatant Commander (CCDR) to: Place assigned forces on prepare-to-deploy-order (PTDO) status Deploy assigned forces in their AOR Employ assigned forces upon receipt, validation and approval by CCDR of a federal primary agency’s request for assistance (RFA) for up to 60 days Requires notification to CJCS and SecDef of each of the above actions by the CCDR Category 2: Pre-identified resources: Authorizes the CCDR to: Coordinate directly with force providers to source pre-identified resources and place on a 24-hour PTDO status for up to seven days Deploy sourced forces in their AOR Employ sourced forces upon receipt, validation and approval by CCDR of a primary agency’s request for federal assistance for up to 60 days Category 3: Resources for internal DOD use: Deploy and employ forces in their AOR for up to 60 days Employment of forces without an RFA is for internal DOD support only Category 4: Large-scale response resources: Requires SecDef approval to put forces on a PTDO status, deploy, and/or employ; CCDR validates RFA, SecDef approves RFA. *NDMS forces: 4 APOE; up to 16 Critical Care Transport Teams; up to 4 enroute patient staging system 50-bed personnel packages (4X FFEPS, 4XFFPS, 4XFFFPS); up to 4 Medical logistics support teams; Sufficient equipment and supply packages to support anticipated movement requirements. CAT 4 Large Scale Response Resources (Sec Def RFF approval; 24 hrs to source, 96 hrs PTDO) CCDR submits RFF w/cost estimate (RFF can be submitted w/o PA RFA); requires SECDEF approval to place on PTDO, deploy & employ SAR Package 12 SAR capable Helos 3 SAR helos/2 Para rescue teams 2 fixed wing 2 Portable ATC towers 1 Air Ground Coord cell 1 Airborne C2 Platform Medical Package Transportation Package C2 Augmentation Package Communications Force Pkg Theater Opening Force Pkg Wildland Firefighting Force Package IAA Force Package Maritime Force Package 3
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Planning/Coordination/Agreements
CDRUSNORTHCOM Command of DSCA forces is responsibility of USNORTHCOM within its AOR AFNORTH maintains situational awareness, is prepared to provide SAR support in concordance with the AFRCC to the primary agency USNORTHCOM Pub 3-20, p. 1-10 Shared understanding of roles, responsibilities, & expectations will ensure a properly sequenced, synchronized, & integrated response in time to save every life possible USNORTHCOM Pub 3-20 CDR AFNORTH CDRUSNORTHCOM has delegated authority of MOA’s for routine SAR to CDR AFNORTH CDR ALCOM CDRUSNORTHCOM has delegated authority of MOA’s for routine SAR to CDR ALCOM USNORTHCOM highly encourages and recommends collaborative preplanning & coordination for CISAR USNORTHCOM encourages agreements that address CISAR Separate MOA may be most effective CDRUSNORTHCOM will be involved in CISAR / Playbook development Shared understanding of roles, responsibilities and expectations will ensure a properly sequenced, synchronized, and integrated response in time to save every life possible. AFNORTH maintains situational awareness, is prepared to provide SAR support in concordance with the AFRCC to the primary agency, and is prepared to provide a Joint Air Component Coordination Element (JACCE) Joint Air Component Coordination Element Defined: — A general term for the liaison element that serves as the direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint air operations.
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USNORTHCOM SAR Mission Statement
USNORTHCOM establishes and maintains the Search and Rescue System to coordinate and provide timely and effective response for Civil SAR, honor international commitments, and meet U.S. domestic needs USNORTHCOM is primary agency for Emergency Support Function 9 (ESF-9) planning and operations within the 48 contiguous United States and Alaska USNORTHCOM and USPACOM have the responsibility to establish a Joint Personnel Recover Center (JPRC) to coordinate SAR operations in their AOR with the designated primary agency. DOD SAR response to NRF and NSP will be an escalation from state support to civil SAR support to DOD support for CIS operations (p. 24). Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO). USNORTHCOM and USPACOM use DCOs to coordinate with FEMA in their respective AORs. USNORTHCOM has 10 permanently assigned DCOs; one assigned to each of the 10 FEMA Regions within the Continental U.S. (CISAR Addendum, p. 25) Catastrophic Incident Search and Rescue (CIS) consists of civil SAR operations carried out as all or part of the response to an emergency or disaster declared by the President, under provisions of the NRF and its Emergency Support Function-9, Search and Rescue (ESF-9). Summary: Provide or arrange for SAR services for persons in potential or actual distress
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Civil Search and Rescue
What can DOD provide? DOD is a force multiplier in support of the SAR effort and can bring: Unique capability SAR Coordination via RCC and Air Coordination ability Specialized Personnel for Planning and Ops Access to specialized assets Timely Response Response from installations/forces in the vicinity Surge Resources More of what is needed to get over the hump DOD’s primary mission is national defense; Resources are normally committed to NRF-related operations only after approval by the Secretary of Defense or at the direction of the President. NRF-related DOD support is referred to as Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA). The Stafford Act provides for requests to the President for use of DOD resources to support emergency response such as CIS operations and protects the ability of the military to carry out its primary military duties while engaged in such support. Requests are forwarded to DOD by FEMA, then to the appropriate Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO) that DOD has assigned to each FEMA Region. Each DCO plans, coordinates and integrates DSCA with Federal, State, local and tribal authorities (CISAR Addendum, p. 24).
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