1. When The Prince is a Boss
European Conservatism as driven by Prince Klemens von Metternich

2. The Congress of Vienna Ain’t No Lie…
Napoleon was a bad man…unfortunately for France, after he was put down for good at St. Helena, the control of Europe shifted to Metternich of Austria
Well, not to him entirely, but to his ideas…which led to Austria (under his rule) gaining a stronger position in the European power structure
Metternich was an interesting fellow as he believed fully in the conservative ideal and in restoring monarchs to their thrones, yet he wanted those monarchs to work together to maintain a stable order throughout Europe
The French Revolution scared everyone—after all, royalty had seen one of their brethren beheaded—and therefore even the aristocracy was willing to work together
Better to submit a little bit of authority to other like-minded rulers than have the mob make heads start rollin’…

3. I am Metternich. Hear me roar!
After the defeat of Napoleon, his four major enemies agreed to remain united to both defeat France and ensure peace after the war
Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia formed the Quadruple Alliance and agreed to restore the Bourbon monarchy to France (Louis XVIII) and agreed to meet at a congress in Vienna called the…
…um, the Congress of Vienna…
Metternich took the lead of the Congress and was a very humble person
“There is a wide sweep about my mind. I am always above and beyond the preoccupation of most public men; I cover a ground much vaster than they can see. I cannot keep myself from saying about twenty times a day: ‘How right I am, and how wrong they are.’”
Metternich’s humility was founded through the principle of legitimacy
Basically, traditional institutions should be preserved
Ex: restoration of Bourbon monarchs in France and Spain, returning Italian State rulers to their thrones, reorganization of European lands in monarchy (much because of Poland’s so-called independence)

4. I am Metternich: Hear me Roar!
Quietly, individually re-read (or read) “The Voice of Conservatism: Metternich of Austria” on p. 639
Answer the three questions after the passage in your notes
Yes, that means write them down.
Yes, everyone.

5. France, LOL The map changed tremendously Winners:
Poland—Independence and some former Prussian land
Russia—maintained foreign policy control over Poland despite Polish “independence”
Prussia—two-fifths of Saxony and Westphalia (German territory formerly under the control of Napoleon) and the left bank of the Rhine
Austria—Lombardy and Venetia in Italy (gave up Austrian Netherlands)
Losers:
Italy—lost land to Austria
France—Napoleon’s demise, return to the borders of 1790, an indemnity payment, and an army of occupation for five years (still, it could have been much worse)

6. A Loose Confederation of Kinda-Sorta-We-Need-Each-Other Friends (We’re not Friends)
What is the main purpose of the Quadruple…
…(and later Quintuple)…
…and later the not-named-Quadruple-again-even-though-it-includes- four-countries
Alliance?
The key phrase is BALANCE OF POWER
If Europe maintained a balance of power within its continent, if no one country became disproportionately strong, then there was an inherent checks-and-balances built into this loose alliance

7. Safe…Smart…Conservative…
This carefully crafted peace came out of the CONSERVATIVE ideology
Initially put into place to contain liberal and nationalist forces (hated revolution)
Favored obedience to political authority
Believed organized religion was crucial to social order
Unwilling to accept liberal demands for civil liberties and representative governments
Edmund Burke believed sudden change was unacceptable, but there could be gradual, evolutionary improvements
Joseph de Maistre wanted a return to hereditary monarchy, which he believed was divinely driven

8. The Application of Conservative IDeals
The hereditary monarchs and landowners were generally in favor of conservatism…why?
The Congress of Vienna called for 4 meetings between 1818 and 1822 in order to maintain that balance of power
The 1818 congress was quite agreeable: the four major powers agreed to withdraw their army of occupation from France and add France to the Concert of Europe
However, in the autumn of 1820, potential revolutions is Spain and Italy had to be dealt with, after the restoration of Ferdinand VII in Spain and Ferdinand I in Italy
Metternich was especially concerned with Italy because he saw them as a threat to Austria’s domination of the Iberian Peninsula
Metternich’s principle of intervention meant the great powers of Europe had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones
Britain refused to agree to the principle, not wanting to interfere with other states (except in France)…now the three left + France (Austria, Prussia, and Russia) met and authorized sending Austrian troops to Naples, Italy…it worked and Ferdinand I was restored to the throne…then they authorized France to invade Spain and Ferdinand VII was restored
The interventions worked but the Concert of Europe had broken down

9. Case Studies—Your Turn (BOOOOOOOO! I HATE YOU CICERCHI!)
Not that I’ve laid the backdrop for Conservatism, it’s time for you to quickly outline one of the regions
One of you will unluckily need to work alone today since we have 6 segments to cover (The Dice of Death shall decide)
Here are your regions:
Latin America (all areas)
Greece (this is the one that is individual)
Great Britain—Rule of the Tories
France
Central Europe (all areas)
Russia
What do you have to do?…that’s for you to decide. Tell me what’s important, especially as your region relates to continuing Conservative ideals. You’ll then present it (but not like a formal presentation). The goal is to understand how and why Conservatism was spreading