1. Cell Structure and Function
All living organisms are made up of:
cells.

2. Cells are:
The basic unit of structure and function of a living organism.
Organisms can be either:
unicellular
Made up of only one cell
multicellular
Made up of many cells working together

3. History of the cell.
1665 Anton van Leevwenhoek: constructed first simple microscope.
Viewed pond water and saw tiny moving structures
he called “wee little beasties” .

4. 1670 Robert Hooke
English scientist and inventor of first compound light microscope.
Viewed cork
Named tiny, hollow units and called them “cells”.

5. Approximately 200 years later…
1833 Robert Brown
First to view a nucleus within a cell.
Scientist now knew that there were structures within the cell and that cells were not hollow like the cork.

6. 1835 Two German scientist, Theodor Schwann (Zoologist) and Matthias Schleiden (Botanist) collectively came to the conclusion that all plants and all animals are made up of cells.
1855 Rudolf Virchow recorded that “all cells come from other like and pre-existing cells.
Cell dividing hyperlink

7. The Cell Theory (based on the collective work of these 6 scientist)
1. Every living organism is made up of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms.
3. All cells arise from like and pre-existing cells.
Skin cells divide to create new cells for the healing process

8. Two types of cells exist: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

9. Prokaryotic Cells Word means “before nucleus”
Includes only and all bacteria
Believed to be the first cells on Earth
Basic traits:
Lack a nucleus
Lacks all membrane bound organelles.
Genetic material just floats around the cytoplasm of the cell.

10. Eukaryotic Cells Word means “contains a true nucleus”
Includes all animals, plants, fungi, and protist.
Basic traits:
1.Evolved from prokaryotic cells.

11. 2. Contains a nucleus
3. Contains membrane bound organelles.
Organelles are “tiny organs” within a cell, each having their own function.

12. Because prokaryotic cells do not contain organelles they are generally much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

13. Since prokaryotic cells do not have organelles their size must be much smaller so materials, especially waste, can quickly exit the cell before it can poison the cell.
Eukaryotic cells have organelles to contain the waste until it can exit the cell therefore the waste is not in danger of poisoning the cell.

14. Two types of eukaryotic cells:
Animal like: Plant-like

15. Structures common to both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (or in other words ALL cells)

16. Cell Membrane

17. Cell Membrane: (sometimes referred to as plasma membrane) Function:
1. Outer boundary of the cell
-separates one cell from another

18. -regulates what is allowed to enter or leave the cell.
2. Acts as a “gatekeeper”
-regulates what is allowed to enter or leave the cell.
3. Aids in protection and support.
-keeps out bad things
-provides some shape
Oxygen, amino acids, Water
Carbon dioxide
Cellular Waste
Excess water

19. Cytoplasm: 1. -liquid part of the cell
2. –fills the internal volume of the cell
3.-made mostly of
water with salts, amino acids, glucose, nucleotides, O2 etc… dissolved in it.
Function:
-to suspend and allow items and structures to move about in the cell.

20. Cytoplasm hyperlink What type of cell is this? Plant cell
Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic

21. Bacteria Cell
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic

22. Cell Wall: 1.-surrounds the cell membrane -found in plants, fungi,
bacteria and some protist.
2.-located outside the cell membrane
3.-provides shape and support
Cell membrane
Cell wall

23. 4. -has openings so items can pass
through.
5. -made up of cellulose/a polysaccharide
humans can not digest.

24. Cell wall of a bacteria cell

25. Genetic Material: 1.-made up of DNA
2.-has instructions for making all cellular proteins
these proteins go on to determine our traits.

26. -DNA contained in a nucleus -each linear pieces of DNA known as
In Eukaryotic Cells:
-DNA contained in a nucleus
-each linear pieces of DNA known as
chromosomes.
-Humans have 46 chromosomes/cells
-23 from your mom
-23 from your dad

27. Nucleus: 1.-Known as the brain of cell
2.-It is the cells control center
3.-Contains the DNA
4.-Outside of nucleus is surrounded by another membrane
5.-contains pores for items to move in and out.

28. Nuclear Envelope or membrane:
-outside of nucleus, contains with pores
Nucleolus:
-circular structure within nucleus
-makes the ribosomes
Nucleoplasm:
-cytoplasm inside
the nucleus

29. Genetic Material in Bacteria
Bacteria are classified as being………
Prokaryotes
Which means ……………
They do not have a nucleus

30. The genetic material/DNA of a bacteria cell is just free floating around in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Genetic material/DNA

31. Ribosomes The cells “workbench”
Job: Makes proteins, in their linear form, by assembling amino acids in the correct order based on DNA’s code.
-Ribosomes are made up of RNA and proteins.
-Two types:
1. -Found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or
-Free floating in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic