1. Atomic Structure Notes

2. Bellwork
Review: Why is the periodic table organized in periods and groups?
Are elements more metallic or less metallic from left to right?

3. Review Nail Results
So, what happened?
P2 –
P3 –
P4 –
P6 –
Bonus:

4. Reminder:
Last call for late work/ absent work is Wednesday!

5. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
The atomic number is equivalent to the number of protons.
The atomic mass is the sum of the mass of the protons and the neutrons combined.
Proton – positive charge
Neutron – neutral charge
Electron – negative charge
How do we find the number of protons? What about the number of electrons?

6. Generally, atoms have the same number of protons and electrons…
As the nucleus grows larger and we add protons, the mass of the atom increases.
In order to keep the nucleus together and not have all the protons repel each other, more neutrons are added.
The mass on the periodic table is written so that unit = mass of 1 proton = mass of 1 neutron

7. To find the number of neutrons…
Round the atomic mass to the next whole number
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
The amount remaining = the number of neutrons

8. Let’s try an example. Write this in your notes.
Argon has an atomic number of 18
Argon has a mass of units
How many __________ does Argon have?
Protons = 18
Neutrons = 22
Electrons =

9. - Protons and neutrons are clumped together in the nucleus - So how do we draw the electrons???

10. Electrons fill up a certain configuration in the form of “shells.”
1st Energy Level (2)
2nd Energy Level (8)
3rd Energy Level (8)
4th Energy Level (18)
Nucleus
5th Energy Level (18)

11. The energy “levels” correspond to the periods of the Periodic Table.
1st Period
2nd Period
3rd Period
4th Period
Nucleus
5th Period

12. Sodium (Na) has 11 protons, how many electrons does it have?
Nucleus

13. Sodium (Na) has 11 protons, how many electrons does it have?
Nucleus
The first shell must be filled before moving onto the next outer shell.

14. The electrons in the outer-most shell are called valence electrons.
The number of valence electrons determines how reactive an element is.
Nucleus Na

15. The electrons in the outer-most shell are called valence electrons.
The number of valence electrons for each element corresponds with the “Groups” on the Periodic Table.
Nucleus Na

16. Alkali Metals have 1 valence electron
Nucleus

17. Alkali Earth Metals have 2 valence electrons
Nucleus

18. Noble Gases have all the spaces available in the shell filled.
Nucleus

19. Which element do you think is more reactive?Ne Na

20. Elements with an “incomplete set” of valence electrons are VERY REACTIVE!
Generally, elements “want” to become stable. They will react and bond with other elements to “share” their electrons.
Nucleus Na

21. Elements with an “incomplete set” of valence electrons are VERY REACTIVE!
This is why groups 1, 2, and 17 usually form compounds. They share electrons with other elements.
Nucleus Na

22. …so what about Group 18? Why are these elements “noble”?
Their valence electrons are filled!! They don’t react with other elements.

23. The compound, NaCl is a match made in heaven! Why could this be?
Consider the valence electrons of both Na, and Cl…
They share electrons with each other to make for a very stable compound!

24. Have one person at each table get whiteboards (one for every two people). Be sure to get markers and erasers.

25. Who am I??? Phosphorus! 3rd energy level = period 3
5 valence electrons
group 15
Phosphorus!
Nucleus

26. Draw me! C
6 protons
Atomic mass = 12
6 neutrons
6 electrons
Nucleus

27. Who am I??? Bromine! 4th energy level = period 4 17 valence electrons
group 17
Bromine!
Nucleus

28. Who am I??? Zinc! 4th energy level = period 4 12 valence electrons
group 12
Zinc!
Nucleus

29. Draw me! Be
4 protons
Atomic mass = 9
5 neutrons
Nucleus

30. Draw me! F
9 protons
Atomic mass = 19
10 neutrons
Nucleus

31. Who am I??? Krypton! 4th energy level = period 4 18 valence electrons
group 18
Krypton!
Nucleus

32. Draw me! K 19 protons Atomic mass = 39 20 neutrons 4th energy level
Nucleus

33. Who am I??? Calcium! 4th energy level = period 4 2 valence electrons
group 2
Calcium!
Nucleus

34. Who am I??? Xenon! 5th energy level = period 5 18 valence electrons
group 18
Xenon!
Nucleus

35. Exit Ticket: Replace the lyrics/chorus of a song with a summary of what we learned today. You may use your phones to look up lyrics. OR: Write 2 multiple choice questions about energy levels and atomic structure. Must include correct answer. Turn this in to one of the three folders on your way out 

36. Exit Ticket
On the slip of paper, write down a multiple choice question to challenge your table partners. Must be about… Atomic structure OR Finding elements on the Periodic Table Place in one of the three folders on your way out

37. Use the following diagram to help you complete the “Alien Periodic Table” Start out as independent work, I will let you all know when you can collaborate.