1. Deans Community High School
Graphic Communication
Orthographic Views
CDT Department

2. Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is the name given to the type of drawing where a 3D object is drawn as 3 different 2D views.
These views are called the Plan, Elevation and End Elevation.
Orthographic views are examinable at all levels - Foundation, General and Credit.

3. Orthographic Projection
The following slides will instruct you on how to draw 3 orthographic views of a shape.

4. Orthographic Projection - the Elevation
Draw the front face of the block using the correct sizes.
Height
Length
Length
Height
The front view is called the Elevation.
Elevation

5. Orthographic Projection - the Plan
Draw the top face or “bird’s eye view” of the block using the correct sizes.
The top view is called the Plan.
Depth
Length

6. Orthographic Projection - the Plan
Project the length of the block up to form the base of the plan.
Depth
Plan
Then measure the depth of the block and draw it on the plan as shown.
Elevation

7. Orthographic Projection - the End Elevation
Draw the end face of the block using the correct sizes.
Height
Depth
The side view is called the End Elevation.

8. Orthographic Projection - the End Elevation
Draw a 45° from the top right hand corner of the Elevation.
Plan
Project the depth of the block across to the diagonal then where they intersect project down.
Now project the heights across from the Elevation to complete.
Elevation
End Elevation

9. Orthographic Projection
Follow the steps for the next shape.
The shape below will be drawn as an orthographic drawing.

10. Orthographic Projection - the Elevation
Draw the Elevation of the bottle.
When you look at a cylinder from the front you do not see the curved sides. The shape you see is a rectangle.
Elevation

11. Orthographic Projection - the Plan
The shape you will see from the top of the bottle will be a large circle with a smaller circle inside it.
Project the centre line up.
Set your compasses to the correct radius. We will draw the larger circle first.
Elevation

12. Orthographic Projection - the Plan
Now set them to the radius of the smaller circle and draw it.

13. Orthographic Projection - the Plan
Once this circle is drawn you have to add another centre line to mark the centres of the circles drawn on the plan.

14. Orthographic Projection - the End Elevation
The End elevation will be the same shape as the Elevation as the cylinder is a symmetrical shape.
Plan
Elevation
End Elevation

15. Orthographic Projection - the End Elevation
Draw a 45° from the top right hand corner of the Elevation.
Project the depth of the block across to the diagonal then where they intersect project down.
Plan
Now project the heights across from the Elevation to complete.
Now darken in the lines you want to draw.
Elevation

16. Orthographic Projection
You will now be left with the finished drawing.
Plan
Elevation
End Elevation