1. Dr. Vicki Allan 2016

2. Etextiles “Stitch” Grant
NSF sponsored (2 years), $1,200,000
Teach public school teachers how to mix coding with crafting with science.
Connect LEDs to Arduino
Teach about basic circuitry
LED’s program to go off/on, blink, fade.
Play music using buzzers
Pressure sensors, accelerometer, temperature sensor

3. Why? Introduce coding Stitch circuits – short circuits
Learn better when build it. Situated learning. Data gathering/scaling.
Teachers learn – so they can teach students

4. Projects Paper Circuits Blinking bracelet Temperature sensing lunchbox
Pressure sensing backpack
Slouching t-shirt.

5. Need a job?
Stitch is looking to hire CS types to help with professional development for teachers and gathering of data (data base).
Contact Colby Tofel-Grehl, Teacher Education and Leadership (TEAL)

6. App Camp
NSF Funding (3 years) $800,000 with ITLS (Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences)
Middle school students
High school mentors
Teach how to write cell phone apps using App Inventor. Drag and drop.
Study how to introduce coding to young women
Why is their such a gender gap in CS?

7. Research Questions?
What is role of all girl (or mixed) environment on self-efficacy?
What is role of all female (or mixed) mentors?
What is role of showing video clips of successful young professionals?
What is the effect on the mentors of being seen as an expert?
What creativity is shown when start with same basic instructions?

8. Smart Cities Direct traffic in different ways, so group benefits.
Change direction of lanes, speed limits, stop light times – to move traffic better.
Users need to visit a series of locations, but time to travel a link changes over the course of the day. How to find the best sequence of locations to visit?

9. Multiagent systems – program computer agents to act for people
Multiagent systems – program computer agents to act for people. If two heads are better than one, how about 2000?

10. Monetary Auction Object for sale: a one dollar bill Rules
Highest bidder gets it
Highest bidder and the second highest bidder pay their bids
New bids must beat old bids by 5¢.
Bidding starts at 5¢.
What would your strategy be?

11. Give Away Bag of candy to give away
Put your name and vote on piece of paper.
If everyone in the class says “share”, the candy is split equally.
If only one person says “I want it”, he/she gets the candy to himself.
If more than one person says “I want it”, I keep the candy.

12. Regret?
Seeing how everyone else played, do you wish you would have played differently?
If you could have talked to others before (collusion), what would you have said? Would it change anything?

13. The point?
You are competing against others who are as smart as you are.
If there is a “weakness” that someone can exploit to their benefit, someone will find it.
You don’t have a central planner who is making the decision.
Decisions happen in parallel.

14. Social Choice
Suppose: Trying to decide which special topics class to offer.
Committee of three people to make decision
Have narrowed it down to four classes.
Each person has a different ranking for the candidates.
How do we make a decision?
Termed a social choice function

15. Suppose we have only three voters
Individual Preferences
Joe ranks c > d > b > a
Sam ranks a > c > d > b
Sally ranks b > a > c > d
What classes should be taught?

16. Runoff - Binary Protocol
Joe ranks c > d > b > a
Sam ranks a > c > d > b
Sally ranks b > a > c > d
One idea – consider candidates pairwise
winner (c, (winner (a, winner(b,d)))
Who should be hired?

17. Runoff - Binary Protocol
One voter ranks c > d > b > a
One voter ranks a > c > d > b
One voter ranks b > a > c > d
winner (c, (winner (a, winner(b,d)))=a
winner (d, (winner (b, winner(c,a)))=d
winner (c, (winner (b, winner(a,d)))=c
winner (b, (winner (a, winner(c,d)))=b
surprisingly, order of pairing yields different winner!

18. Borda protocol
assigns an alternative |O| points for the highest preference, |O|-1 points for the second, and so on
The counts are summed across the voters and the alternative with the highest count becomes the social choice 18

19. Is this a good way? Borda Paradox a > b > c >d
b > c > d >a
c > d > a > b
a > b > c > d
b > c > d> a
c > d > a >b
a > b >c >d
a=18, b=19, c=20, d=13
Is this a good way?
Clear loser

20. Borda Paradox – remove loser (d), Now: winner changes
a > b > c
b > c >a
c > a > b
b > c > a
a >b >c
a=15,b=14, c=13
a > b > c >d
b > c > d >a
c > d > a > b
a > b > c > d
b > c > d> a
a > b >c > d
a=18, b=19, c=20,d=13
When loser is removed, third choice becomes winner!

21. Issues with Borda
favorite betrayal. How can anyone report different preference to gain advantage?
B wins in this example, but the middle player can change the winner to something he likes better. How?

22. Who wins using Borda protocol? (if highest is first choice)
2 points
1 points
0 points
a=11, b=12, c = 7

23. Inserted clone Now who wins?
3 points
2 points
1 points
a=16, b=14, c=9
0 points

24. Other issues with Borda
less expressive
voter strategy
Example: 3 candidates each with strong supporters. Many non-entities that no one really cared about.
the strategic votes are:
A > nonentities > B > C (cast by about 1/3 of the voters)
B > nonentities > C > A (cast by about 1/3 of the voters)
C > nonentities > A > B (cast by about 1/3 of the voters)
A,B, and C each get an average score of N/3. Non-entities score about N/2. So a non-entity always wins and the 3 good candidates always are ranked below average.

25. Conclusion
Finding the best mechanism for social choice is not easy

26. Coalition Formation Overview
Tasks: Various skills required by team members
Agents form coalitions
Agent types - Differing policies regarding which coalition to join
How do policies interact?

27. Multi-Agent Coalitions
“A coalition is a set of agents that work together to achieve a mutually beneficial goal” (Klusch and Shehory, 1996)
Reasons agent would join Coalition
Cannot complete task alone
Complete task more quickly

28. Optimization Problem Not want a centralized solution Communication
Privacy
Situation changing
Self-interested

29. Looking for partners for field trip
Looking for partners for field trip. Arc labels represent goodness of pairing according to agents. What partnerships form?

30. Scenario 1 – Bargain Buy (supply-demand)
Store “Bargain Buy” advertises a great price
300 people show up
5 in stock
Everyone sees the advertised price, but it just isn’t possible for all to achieve it

31. Scenario 2 – selecting a spouse (agency)
Bob knows all the characteristics of the perfect wife
Bob seeks out such a wife
Why would the perfect woman want Bob?

32. Scenario 3 – hiring a new PhD (strategy)
Universities ranked 1,2,3
Students ranked a,b,c
Dilemma for second
tier university
offer to “a” student
likely rejected
But rejection is delayed - see other options
“b” students are gone as they got tired of waiting

33. Scenario 4 (trust)
What if one person talks a good story, but his claims of skills are really inflated?
He isn’t capable of performing. the task.

34. Scenario 5
The coalition is completed and rewards are earned. How are they fairly divided among agents with various contributions?
If organizer is greedy, why wouldn’t others replace him with a cheaper agent?

35. Scenario 6
You consult with local traffic to find a good route home from work
But so does everyone else