1. MODERNISM
Dr. Mrs Anisa Mujawar

2. MODERNISM

3. MODERNISM ( )
A revolutionary movement encompassing all of the creative arts that had its roots in the 1890s, a transitional period during which artists and writers sought to liberate themselves from the constraints and polite conventions we associate with Victorianism.

4. characteristics Open form
Poets who write in open forms usually insist on the form growing out of the writing process, i.e. the poems follow what the words and phrase suggest during the composition process, rather than being fitted into any pre-existing plan. Some do employ vestiges of traditional devices but most regard them as a hindrance to sincerity or creativity.

5. Juxtaposition Free Verse
(also at times referred to as vers libre) is a term describing various styles of poetry that are not written using strict meter or rhyme, but that still are recognizable as 'poetry' by virtue of complex patterns of one sort or another that readers can perceive to be part of a coherent whole
Juxtaposition
when two images that are otherwise not commonly brought together appear side by side or structurally close together, thereby forcing the reader to stop and reconsider the meaning of the text through the contrasting images, ideas, motifs, etc. For example, "He was slouched gracefully" is a juxtaposition.

6. Intertextuality Classical Allusions
the shaping of texts' meanings by other texts. It can refer to an author’s borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader’s referencing of one text in reading another.
Classical Allusions
a stylistic device or trope, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance that has occurred or existed in an external context
Allusion differs from the similar term intertextuality in that it is an intentional effort.

7. Unconventional use of Metaphor
Borrowing from other cultures and languages
Discontinuous narrative

8. Breakdown of social norms and cultural sureties
Dislocation of meaning and sense from its normal context
Valorization of the despairing individual in the face of an unmanageable future
Disillusionment
Rejection of history and substitution of a mythical past, borrowed without chronology
Product of the metropolis of cities and urbanscapes
Stream of consciousness
Unconventional use of Metaphor
Borrowing from other cultures and languages
Discontinuous narrative

9. Modernist Authors T.S. Eliot W.B. Yeats James Joyce Virginia Woolf
Ernest Hemingway
Franz Kafka
Gertrude Stein
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ezra Pound

10. Elements of Modernism Surrealism
a movement stating that the liberation of our mind, and subsequently the liberation of the individual self and society, can be achieved by exercising the imaginative faculties of the "unconscious mind" to the attainment of a dream-like state different from, or ultimately ‘truer’ than, everyday reality.

11. Futurism
passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

12. Dadaism
Dada sought to fight art with art. For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite. Where art was concerned with aesthetics, Dada ignored aesthetics. If art were to have at least an implicit or latent message, Dada strove to have no meaning — interpretation of Dada is dependent entirely on the viewer. If art is to appeal to sensibilities, Dada is to offend.

13. Imagism
The Imagists rejected the sentiment and artifice typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. Imagism called for a return to what were seen as more Classical values, such as directness of presentation, and economy of language, as well as a willingness to experiment with non-traditional verse forms. Historically, Imagism is also significant because it was the first organized Modernist English-language literary movement or group

14. Vorticism
short lived British art movement of the early 20th century. It is considered to be the only significant British movement of the early twentieth century but lasted less than three years. The style grew out of Cubism, but is more closely related to Futurism in its embrace of dynamism, the machine age and all things modern.

15. Black Modernism Duality of African American experience
Slavery vs. Constitutional declaration of equality for all
Freedom granted by Civil War vs. Jim Crow
Commingling of religion and folk values
Christianity vs. Ancestor Worship
Bible beliefs vs. “superstition”
African American as social “other”
Ralph Ellison
Invisible Man
Melvin Tolson
Libretto for the Republic of Liberia
Robert Hayden
Middle Passage

16. Modernism and Postmodernism
Postmodernism occurred after WWII
Postmodernism rejects the order modernists try to instill in their work through allusion, myth and symbol
Postmodernists take modernism to the extreme
Postmodern authors do not see art as a restorative force, merely reflective…