1. Order of events
Friday 21st April

2. Friday 21st April First Session Timing and arrangement of exam (again)
What should you know about the Population section ? (small sheet on your desk)
What do you know?
What affects fertility/mortality/infant mortality?
DTM/age + sex pyramids
S + J Curves
What do you know now?
Quizlet

3. Second session How to beat them

4. 1.1: Natural increase as a component of population change - Population indicators – vital rates such as
birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, infant mortality rate, mortality rate, life expectancy, population density.
All above for countries at different stages of development.
Interpretation of age/sex pyramids, population structure (age, gender, dependency and dependency ratio).
1.2: Demographic transition - How population changes:
The demographic transition model (5 stages), its validity and applicability in countries at different stages of development.
Changes in birth rate and death rate over time. Issues of ageing populations. The link between population and development: Changes in demographic indices over time (e.g. life expectancy).
1.3: Population - resource relationships
The implications of different structures for the balance between population and resources.
Social, economic and political implications of population change.
Carrying capacity, causes and consequences of food shortages, the roles of technology and innovation in resource development (e.g. food production), the role of constraints (e.g. war, climatic hazards) in relation to sustaining changing populations. A critical appreciation of the concept of overpopulation, Optimum population and underpopulation. Concept of a population ceiling and adjustments over time (the J-curve and the S-curve).
1.4: The management of natural increase - Attempts to manage natural population change by one country.
This country’s population policy regarding natural increase, an explanation of difficulties faced An evaluation of the attempted solution(s) The case study should include attempts to control population and to manage the results of population change.

5. The S and J Curves
Exponential and logistical are the two ways of measuring population growth
The J curve represents population growth with no restrictions. (exponential)
The S curve represents population growth with a restricting factor. Population accelerates to the point of maximum growth and then decreases over time, forming an S-shaped curve on a graph. This logistic growth starts by the population increasing to meet its resources then tabilising at the resource begins to run out and then decreasing as the population exceeds its available resources.

6. What affects fertility?
Governmental policies (whether the government is pro-natalist or anti- natalist)
Religious Beliefs
Poverty/Economic prosperity
Tradition/Social beliefs
Average age for marriage
Existing age structures
Urbanisation
Literacy (with special emphasis on female literacy)
Infant mortality rate
Conflict (war, security, safety)

9. Infant Mortality Age of Mother, Birth Control and Birth Interval
Sex of Infant
Education Level of Mother
Status of Women In Society
Income
Climate
Geographical Location

10. Mortality Age distribution Gender Occupation Income Literacy
Access to food 
Medical Facilities